69 
I 0.91 
1.90 
2.15 
2.87 
10.00 
35-20 
Cost per 100 gallons : — 
Rosin Compound - - - $ O.70 
Rosin Wash - - - - 1-29 
Rosin & Whale Oil Soap Compound 1.47 
Kerosene Emulsion (Hard Soap) 1.87 
Whale Oil Soap (strong) - - 4,50 
Kerosene Emulsion (soft soap) - 22.40 
Tobacco and Soap - 1.00 
These washes vary in ease of preparation and in keeping quality. 
They can be made, on a small scale, in empty kerosene tins, 
enough stock solution being thus made in one tin to make 30 or 
more gallons of wash when made up to the full amount. In making 
Kerosene Emulsion with hard soap,, water containing lime should 
not be used, as the oil will separate out in the surface making the 
emulsion ; rain water or soft water is necessary in this case and is 
preferable for all washes. In selecting a mixture, it would usually 
be better to choose one of which the ingredients could be easily 
obtained. But, if a large area is to be sprayed, as in spraying lime 
or orange trees, it would be well to import the materials on a large 
scale and then the most efficacious wash could be chosen. The 
strengths of these washes are intended for plants whose foliage is 
not very tender or delicate. Many plants, such as palms, would 
bear much stronger washes ; on the other hand, very delicate plants 
might suffer from a too liberal application. The strength of these 
mixtures may be varied considerably and they should be made 
weaker for very delicate plants. 
Application of Poisons. 
The liquid preparations are best applied with a spraying machine, 
but a brush or good syringe may be used for small plants. The 
object to be attained is tS* uniformly wet the affected parts with the 
liquid ; a tine spray like a mist usually does this best, and only a 
good spraying machine is capable of giving such a spray. Many 
kinds of spraying machines are now in use and can be obtained 
from the makers, or from firms dealing in gardening implements. 
A spraying machine consists essentially of a reservoir containing 
wash, a small pump, and a length of india-rubber hose, terminating 
in a nozzle that will give a spray of varying fineness. The success 
of the treatment depends largely on the nozzle and a thoroughly 
reliable one is that known as the “ Bordeaux " or Ci Seneca ” nozzle. 
The india-rubber tubing does not last long in the tropics and a 
spare length should be obtained with the machine. Spraying 
machines are, as a rule, made of copper or brass, as they are not 
then affected by the constituents of the wash used. Two forms of 
machines are generally used. The smaller are known as “ Knap- 
sack ” machines and can easily be carried strapped to the shoulders. 
They are so made that one man can operate the pump and also 
direct the nozzle whilst walking with the machine on his back. 
Such machines will hold about 4 gallons of wash. Larger machines 
are fitted into a barrel, which acts as a reservoir, and the barrel is 
carried on a light iron truck with two wheels. These machine* 
V*/ 
