r 7 2 
which is not used for firewood. The Rhizophoreae grow fairly fast 
and there is no difficulty in leasing the swamps to wood-cutters 
so that they may not entirely destroy the useful wood and leave 
the swamps useless forever. By leasing in blocks for definite 
periods, closing them for one or two or even more years after each 
period, a mangrove swamp should give a definite annual return 
forever. 
Rhizophora conjugate i, L. Akit. 
A fairly large tree with large dark green leaves and yellow 
flowers. 
Wood heavy reddish brown with fairly distinct rings numerous 
medium sized pores, and conspicuous rays. Rather a well-figured 
wood, good for piles and such like work. It can be obtained of 
large size as much as 30 feet by 11 inches through, and is very 
durable. 
This is the timber experimented on by Newton under the name 
of “ Bucco Weight 70 lbs. (Gamble), S. 63 lbs. 8 ozs. to 65 lbs. 
8 ozs. 
R. mucronata, Sam. B’lukup. 
Is very similar but rather lighter in colour. 
Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Lam. Tumu. 
Is also one of the bigger mangroves and attains as large a size 
as does Akit. The wood is fairly heavy light reddish brown close 
grained, with less numerous pores, very obscure rings, and irregu- 
lar rays. A very hard wood. Weight 54 lbs. 13 ozs. to 56 lbs. 
4 ozs. Used for posis, planks and furniture in India. It is good 
for piles and posts in wet places. 
B. caryophylloides, Bl. Bosung. 
Is a smaller tree, with fairly heavy wood of a light reddish fawn 
colour, with very obscure rings, numerous pores and very close 
rays. It is a very fairly good wood but as a rule is too small for 
piles. Weight 48 lbs. 1 1 ozs., 50 lbs. 7 ozs., 76 lbs. 
B. parvijlora, W. & A. Lenggadi. 
Is very similar as regards the wood, but lighter in colour with 
more conspicuous rays. It is also a smaller tree. Weight 49 lbs. 
to 49 lbs. 6 ozs. 
Ceriops Candolleana , Arn. Tengah. 
A medium sized tree with compact close grained fairly heavy 
light reddish brown wood, with moderately numerous small pores 
and close rays. Weight 63 lbs. 
Used for firewood, knees of boats, posts, etc. Bark for tanning 
and dyeing. 
Legnotidos . 
A small group of trees usually classed under Rhizophoreae. 
Pellacalyx saccardianus , Scort. Kayu Johor. 
A small tree about 30 or 40 feet tall straight and little branched, 
common in open country. 
