339 
being used. The excellent fragrance of these oils renders them 
verv suitable in blending in compound bouquet perfumes and they 
are said to have a specially excellent effect in the composition ot 
“ Mignonette extract” (Sawer Odorographia II, p. 152). 
The Camphor oil of the large weed Blumea balsamifera, was 
described in Bulletin 1 st series No. 3, having been distilled experi- 
mentally in Singapore. It is manufactured in Unna in Hainan and 
Canton and also in Burmah and is used for incense, medicine and 
scenting Indian Ink. The plant a tall half shrubby composite is 
often very abundant in waste places and grows to a height ot over 
six feet The leaves have a strong smell of camphor. 
Blumea lacera , Dec. is another weed of the same group, but 
much smaller. It has also a strong Camphor smell, but little seems 
to be known as to the value of the oil. 
An oil has been distilled at Buitenzorg from the common white- 
weed ( Ageratum conyzoides ), unfortunately no use has been found 
for the product of this troublesome weed. 
Alyxia stellate ( )— Is a climbing plant with white sweet 
scented flowers, deep green shining leaves and black drupes. It is 
called Pulasari by the Malays and the bark which has a strong 
scent of Coumann, is used in native medicine and as a cosmetic. 
It is quite common about the sea coasts. 
Oil of Cloves is obtained by distilling the flower buds Ol Eugenia 
caryophvllata, Thumb, the clove of commerce. Only the cloves com- 
in «- from Zanzibar are used, not apparently as being richer moil 
than those of Penang or the Mascaren Islands, but because those 
from these countries have a better appearance and are more valued 
as spice The oil is used in perfumery and medicine and other 
purposes. The stems of the clove flowers also produce an oil which 
is also distilled but is less highly valued. 
Cajeput-oil from the leaves of the Gelam tree Melaleuca leuca - 
dendron , and its variety minor ; it is chiefly made in Ceram and 
Buru. It appears to have been manufactured by the Malays long 
before the Europeans occupied the Eastern Archipelago. The tree 
is very abundant in some parts of Malacca and occurs 111 Singapore 
and elsewhere, but it is perhaps doubtful as to whether it is a native 
of the Peninsula or not. It is suggested that it was introduced 
into the Malay Peninsula by the Dutch, and I have no record of 
its occurring anywhere but where the Dutch established themselves 
except in Singapore, where naturally its occurrence as a native 
plant may be doubted. It however grows very readily and is a 
useful tree as well as an ornamental one. It attains a height of 
about 40 feet here, the stem covered with a papery bark of con- 
siderable thickness in old trees. This bark is used for caulking 
boats and fire lighting, and an attempt has been made to utilise it 
for making paper in Australia but this it appears was not very 
successful. The wood is durable and is used also for firewood. 
The leaves have a strong resinous scent from the oil glands. The 
distillation of the oil is effected by very simple native stills in the 
Moluccas an-d the product shipped in bottles or drums. The greater 
part of the oil is consumed in India and other parts of the east, 
i/m 
