374 
Durian, Low lying rich alluvial flats seem to suit it well, especially 
if they are drained of excess of water. Trees should fruit in about 
g or io years after planting, but some commence earner, ft is 
seldom attacked badly by any pest. Mistletoes (Loranthus) very 
rarely damage it, the little fern Drymogletssitm is not uncommon 
on it, and should be removed whenever too abundant. The old 
leaves are often covered with the parasitic leaf lichens but this does 
not seem to hurt the tree to any extent. 
Of insect pests, there is a caterpillar which attacks the young 
leaves when just put out while they are soft and yellow. It is 
smooth and rather slender an inch and-a-half long. The head is 
of a pale ochre yellow, the next segments purple, rather lighter in 
colour in the middle, the back grey with a broad purple line, edged 
with white down the centre, the sides are dark purple with a white 
wavy line and a lower black one along the spiracles, the belly and 
legs are pale green. There, is a reddish fawn coloured patch on 
the last joint but one ol the body and the fast segments are deep 
purple, the hind legs ochre coloured. 1 failed to rear the moth 
and as the caterpillar is seldom to be found though the damage is 
conspicuous l imagine it feeds by night chiefly. The insect is pro- 
bably one of the Nocturidoe. 1 met with it ia January. 
The amount of datnage done by 1 his caterpillar is not so far as 
1 have seen very great but it certainly spoils the appearance of the 
tree, and checks its growth. It never seems to touch the stiff 
leathery dark green adult leaves It also attacks Garcinia dulcis . 
There is also a leaf mining caterpillar which burrows in the 
young and adult leaf and does a certain amount of harm, causing 
dead patches in the leaf, which also often curls up and becomes 
deformed. 
The fruit is not often attacked by animals. It is too large and 
with too tough a rind for the small fruit bats. Monkeys are of course 
very troublesome where the trees are near forests, Musangs do not 
seem to attack them often. A good deal of fruit is sometimes 
destroyed by wind. As it bruises very easily, a heavy gale of 
wind will sometimes so beat the fruits against each other and 
against the boughs that the whole crop is destroyed. So that in 
very windy spots it is advisable to plant the trees so that they are 
protected from storms, which as they are not usually tall trees is 
very easy to arrange. 
'lhe fruit yaries a good deal in size, some being small with very 
little pulp, others have a rind very thick in proportion to the 
amount of pulp. A good deal of this variation is, f think, caused 
by the amount of fertilization, but also is due to the weather 
during the fruiting season, as the fruit sets a good many of the 
young fruits fall off and are wasted. 
The young fruits are used by the Malays to make a kind of 
preserve known as Halua Mangis. The rind is taken off and the 
inside boiled with sugar. The rind of the fruit is used in native 
medicine and is largely exported to China. 
A native species of Garcinia, much resembling in appearance 
Liu' Mangosteen, is not uncommon especially in sandy open coun- 
