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improved in this way. Tapioca carts stopped on the way out of 
the State to weigh the tapioca and pay export duty, with the re- 
sult that the bullocks had an hour or two run, during which they 
grazed, and their grazing ground, which was originally lalang, 
gradually changed its character and grew good grass instead. What 
is required is that each State should start a herd of cows, chiefly 
the hardy, small cattle native to the country, called variously Siamese 
and Kelantan cattle, this herd should be gradually improved by the 
introduction of larger animals from the tropical parts of Australia, 
larger cows should be purchased into the herd not bulls ; the delicate 
white Indian cattle are not at all suitable to the country, they cost 
too much to keep and are very susceptible to disease, whereas the 
native cattle, like the Australian, live on grass only. A herd of 
twenty-five cows and two bulls in each State, managed on the lines 
that all heifer calves should be retained in the herd and al! steers 
sold, would, in a few years’ time, do much to improve the grazing 
grounds and cheapen transport. Of course there is the risk of loss 
by disease, but surely Government is better able to bear that than 
private individuals; and private enterprise in this direction will do 
very little towards improving the stock. What it will do is easily 
seen by the example of the Wardieburn herd, in which the intro- 
duction of one larger cow with a strain of Ayrshire blood in her, 
some few years ago, has made a distinct mark on the appearance 
of the herd, 
fo. There are many other points which might be enlarged upon, 
as, for instance, the erection of Government rice mills in the centre 
of large padi districts, like Rembau and Kriati. 
11. Experimental Work and the Starting of a Factory for the 
Extraction of Essential Oils and Perfumes . — I believe there is a 
business at Tampin, started some years ago, which is doing very 
well still, growing citronella grass and extracting the essential oil 
by purely native processes ; it is needless to point out that such an 
industry would be very grateful for Government assistance, on the 
lines of information as to best modes of extraction and by introduc- 
ing other and unknown sources from which to extract oils, essential 
oils and perfumes. 
12. Attempts have been made to distil a spirit from the waste 
product of the tapioca factories ; but they have not succeeded, in- 
vestigation and experiments in this matter might be useful ; and 
the encouragement of sago palm cultivation is, l think, of very 
great importance, because it is a way of utilising the great areas of 
country now quite useless as swamp, and sago ataps will always 
fetch a big price. 
13. I have written at length on three subjects only and merely 
mentioned others, but it is obvious that many other industries could 
on the same lines be encouraged, and I have no doubt will be, when 
a Board of Agriculture is started. 
14. Mr. ARDEN has shown the necessity for some such asiss- 
tance and has suggested a way in which it could he given, for my 
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