The pods attacked Uy then, were quite destroyed, shrivelled up, 
and the cotton ill developed and short in staple. 
In the cotton cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, ap- 
peared Dysdercus cingulatus as was expected, as it is a common 
insect here, but not in any great abundance. 
A leaf-rolling caterpillar attacked the leaves rolling them up and 
fixing them with silk. It is a slender caterpillar little more than 
half an inch long. The head deep brown, the first three pairs of 
leas black. The rest of the body pale dull green with a darker line 
down the baek. It hatched out at the end of April into a ryralid 
moth an inch across, of a pale straw color reticulated all over the 
wings with blackish brown markings. I have not as yet identified it. 
I found no remains of pupae in the leaf and believe the caterpil- 
lar leaves the leaf when full grown and pupates under ground. I 
found the coceoons of an Ichneumon parasite in one of the rolled 
up leaves and l noticed that in some cases the rolled up leaf has 
been bitten through by some enemy which has eaten the caterpillar, 
I think this must have been done by one of the small caterpillar 
wasps, of which 1 saw a number about, who store their nests with 
caterpillars for their young, but I saw none at work. 
These leaf-rollers are the most troublesome insects to deal with 
on a large scale as their habits effectually prevent the use of any 
insecticide against them, they being protected by the rolled up leaf 
and their silk web from being touched by liquid. Nor do they fall 
from their nests when the bushes are shaken, as some leaf rollers 
do. So that hand picking seems to be the only remedy. The 
amount of damage done does not appear to be very great, but it is 
probable that if they appeared in great nurrbers they might devas- 
tate the cotton fields. 
The cotton borer is another serious pest. It is a very small moth- 
caterpillar about ^ inch long, rather thick and stumpy, mottled 
black brown and white and sprinkled with a few long white hairs. 
The head is polished black with white markings. 
This bores up the terminal shoots of the branches causing them 
to wither up. Its burrow is about an inch long, and it does not 
pupate in its burrow but apparently bores its way out and falls to 
the ground to pupate. 
It pupates in a box in a small oblong hairy coccoon about a 
quarter of an inch long, but I do not see any ol these coccoons 
about the cotton plants. 
A small yellow aphis has also attacked the cotton plants in the 
Botanic Gardens and caused the leaves to shrivel. It is quite yel- 
low except the eyes and long paps which are black. ( It attacks the 
under side of the leaves. 
