250 
avenue of Arenga saccharifera , (kabong or sugar palm Malayan), 
Red Stem-Palm avenue ( Cyrtostachys Lakka Malayan), avenue of 
Rhopaloblaste hexandra Java, avenue of Sab a l Palmetto \\ est 
Indies, and the rows of Archontophoenix Alexandres Queensland 
palm, Ptychosperma Me Art hum, Trop Australia, and Caryota 
urens (East Indian Wine Palm). Of solitary specimens the clumps 
of Sago Palm (Sagas leevis) , Chinese Palm (R hap is jla belli for mis), 
from Madagascar Raffia Ruffia , the local Nibong Oncosperma tigil- 
■' aria , locafPalas Licuala spinosa, and from Mexico Badris major 
are also conspicuous. Of single specimens, Areca pumila, P manga 
Kuhlii, Actinorhytis calapparia , Dictyosperma album , Euterpe ole- 
raeea, Ptychoraphis angusta, Oreodoxa regia, Calyptrocalyx sprat us, 
Stevensonia grandi folia Verschaffeltia splendida , Walhchia disttcha , 
Dypsis pinnatifrons , Corypha umbraculifera , Livistona australis , 
Livistona chinensis , Chrysalidocarpus lutescens , Calamus Lindeni, 
Calamus ciliaris , Calamus leptospadix , Plectocomia elongata , 
o-umeensis, Cocos fexuosa, Cocos plumosa, Attalea cohune , Lot a in a 
‘ Commersonii , Korthalsia Junghuhnii , Phoenix rupicola , Phoenix 
farinifera , Korthalsia polystachya, Die mono r ops cahearpus and 
trocaryum tucumoides are especially hne. 
Cultivation. — A1 though far the greater number of palms are^ na- 
tives of tropical regions a small number inhabit cooler, sub-tropical, 
or almost temperate regions. Such are Chamoerops humilis o 
Southern Europe, Nannorhops Ritchieana of Afghanistan, I rac/iy- 
carpus excehsus of Japan, Raphis humilis of Japan, Kentia sapda 
of New Zealand, and Pseudophoenix Sargentn of Florida. 
These cooler climate palms are much less easy to cultivate here 
and seldom thrive when planted out, although they may be kept as 
pot or tub plants for a long time. 
There are a few desert palms which are also very difficult to 
ptow on account of our heavy rainfall, such are the Hpyhoenes , the 
common date, ( Phoenix Dactylifera ), which, however, can be made 
to grow but has never flowered with us. The Borassus, known as 
the Palmyra palm and by natives the Lontar, introduced to India 
from Africa and thence to the Peninsula, thrives near the sea in 
sandy places, but seems difficult to grow far inland, and even m 
the dryer parts of Singapore is not at all easy to grow satistacto 
rily. The Nipa palm so abundant in our tidal swamps uoes no 
<>tow well away from salt mud. 
’ Exclusive of these almost all the palms from different parts of 
the world which have been introduced into Singapore have done 
well and many have flowered and fruited successfully and ate 
readily cultivated. . 
Seeds.— Generally speaking palms are reproduced from seeds, in 
a few instances propagation by means of division or root cuttings is 
the method adopted. The princ.pal genera from which root cuttings 
mav be obtained are.-— Pinanga, Cyrtostachys, 
tea ; Oenocarpus, Chameedorea , Chrysalidocarpus U alhchia, ^enga, 
Caryota, Nipa, Licuala, Rhapis, Calamus, Zalacca, 
Raphia, Badris , Desmoncus, Astrocaryum and Sagus. With these 
