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an inch across irregular in outline with a raised edge. In some cases 
the disease has run along the edge of a nerve which is thickened 
and pale orange. The tissue on these spots is completely destroy- 
ed so that the spots are equally clear on both sides. By the aid of 
a lens minute black dots can be seen usually on the upper surface. 
These are the fruiting apothecia of a leaf-fungus which has des- 
troyed the inner tissues of the leaf. Prom them are being discharged 
from a split at the top a large number of black spores, apparently 
teleutospores are produced, they are fusiform or five septate, the 
three central ones being dark the others transparent. 
The fungus appears to be one of the Uvedinex and may prove 
a serious pest. All infected leaves should be removed and burnt 
and if necessary the plants attacked should be disinfected with 
Bordeaux mixture. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
We have lately received the following books and papers of in- 
terest to planters: — - 
Ziekten in Klapperaan plantingen by Dr. J. C. Konnings- 
BERGER. 
This is a short paper of iO pages on pests in Coconut planting 
published in Teysmannia. 
The chief pests in Java seem to be squirrels, Hying squirrels, 
fox-bats, the two well known Coconut beetles and the caterpillar 
of Amathusia pkidippus . There is a good plate of the beetles and 
their grubs, and a figure of a caterpillar of Amathusia, which 
however looks different from the one we know here. Grasshop- 
pers, Acridium Melanocorne Sero , are also mentioned as destructive 
insects. 
The Consular report on French Indo-China for 1903- 1904 states 
that rubber plants grow in a wild state over wide areas and the 
apparently suitable conditions for their growth combined with the 
large and increasing demand for rubber seems to warrant the ex- 
pectation of a rapid development in its production. The quantity 
exported rose from 53 tons in 1899 1° 34° tons i* 1 1900, but fell to 
266 tons in 1901. The high prices offering have led to a somewhat 
reckless draining of the sources of supply during the last few years 
but regulations are now being enforced to prevent wasteful des- 
truction of plants and to encourage re-planting. A factory with a 
capacity of two to live tons a day for the treatment of “Ecorus de 
Parameria’' is in operation at Cholon (Cochin-China) and others 
are projected. 
[The rubbers of this region chiefly consist of Willoughbeias, 
Paramerias, etc. — Editor .] 
Experimental plantations of Isonandra Gutta have been estab- 
lished in five or six places but it is too early yet to predict what the 
results will be. A native variety [Die hops? s Krantziana) , is widely 
zh% 
