40 to 60 or more feet long and with the sheaths 3 inches through, 
light dull green. The rattan beneath the sheaths ri inch, through 
dull green. The male inflorescence is very long, about 20 feet, 
produced at the top of the long full grown stem, the female is only 
about half as long. The fruit is small and dark brown. 
The Malacca cane occurs all over the Peninsula, but is not now 
by any means common. It occurs however still in Johor, Selangor, 
Perak and also in Borneo and Sumatra whence it is imported into 
Singapore. I he canes cleaned of their sheaths and washed and 
then smoked over a wood fire, for some lime. Common canes are 
tied in bundles of 25 to smoke, specially good ones are smoked 
sipgtyj .after this they are washed and rubbed and finally rubbed 
with. oil and made into walking-sticks. These canes are imported 
into Singapore at about 12 dollars a thousand chiefly^ from 
Pal em bang, and after being cleaned, smoked and made up into 
sticks sell according to quality from one to loo dollars. 
1 have no clue at present' as to what plant the white Malacca 
cane is derived, but it appears certainly to be a distinct plant, and 
js obtained with the other from Palembang. Some years ago plants 
of C. scipionum were obtained with considerable difficulty from 
Malacca and planted in the Botanic Gardens in Singapore. One 
flowered, a male, this y^ear. The other is figured in Plate 
V * he s i n gle stems which have as yet developed to full size are 
abouf 60 feet tall. 
A very jarge species allied to the Malacca cane is C. ornatus, Bl 
It differs m the leaflets being grey underneath, and the stem thicker 
than in the Malacca cane, has much shorter joints, 9 inches loner, 
the cane Itself IS r| inch, through. Griffith gives the name “ Rotan 
Ruga Bodak evidently a miscopy for Segah Badak, but it cannot 
be the plant commonly known by that name. 
BLUME says it is used for bridges and such work on account of 
its great size and strength. It occurs all over the Peninsula 
Kotan Bakau, Calamus aquatilis. Ridl. is a large very thorny 
dark coloured rattan common in tidal swamps. It is about 30 feet 
ong. the sheaths covered thickly with black bristle-like spines the 
leaves large with numerous equidistant linear leaflets a foot bn a 
and an inch across, and ending in a long flagellum. The inflores- 
cence is very large and stout, with very thorny tubular sheaths 
Ihe fruit is small globular beaked half an inch long yellow or 
brownish yellow. J 
The rattan is moderately stout, white, A inch through the joints 
o to 7 inches long. J 
It is used for making legs of chairs, walking sticks and for split 
rdiian. * 
! . R °* a " ' Calamus co-sins, Bl. has a very slender stem 
‘ inch through light green covered with a grev bloom easily rubbed 
off, and armed with short sharp thorns. The leaves are about 4 feet 
IioL tk f' ld fl er . rach l S endin " in a fine flagellum armed with 
* 1 ‘f leaf p s ln dlstant alternate pairs or fascicles of 3 or 
It t er r \", Ce0 Ute ’ narrowed at b ° t! > ends, edged with bristles 
M the tip, light green above and white beneath. 
