202 
The use of some of the same plants is mentioned by Blume in 
his important paper in Rumphia, and these will be treated of later. 
Mr. Wray, in a paper published in the Perak Government 
Gazette (Sept.n, 1891) states that Antiaris Ipoh and Ipoh akar 
{Strychnos Tieute) are rarely, if ever, mixed together and that 
the Strychnos is often used alone. This observation appears to 
be true in respect of the Perak wild tribes only. A Jakun in 
Malacca told me some years ago, that his tribe used the latex of 
the Antiaris and the extract of Strychnos together, but no other 
extracts. Some Selangor Sakais near the Ratu caves told me 
they used several ingredients besides the Strychnos. Mr. Skeat 
mentions the use of all the commoner ones among the Besisi 
tribe, and all other writers allege the same thing, viz., that the 
dart-poison is not merely A ntiaris latex. 
In my experiments, detailed later, I first, acting on the Jakun’ s 
statement, used the sap of the Strychnos alone, then later of 
Antiaris and also the two combined. 
Description of the Ipoh Tree. 
Antiaris toxicaria , BL is a gigantic tree attaining a height of 
over a hundred feet and a diameter of four or more above the 
base where it throws out large buttresses. The bark is grey, 
about half an inch thick. Like nearly all of our largest trees, it 
drops the lower branches as it grows, so that a large specimen 
has a perfectly bare trunk for some sixty or eighty feet. The 
leaves vary very much in size and hairiness, they are generally 
oblong acuminate inequilateral, from four to six inches long, and 
two or three inches broad, the leaf-stalk a quarter of an inch long 
the backs of the leaves as well as the buds are covered with yellow 
hairs, and the upper surface of the leaf is more or less hairy, es- 
pecially in the case of young leaves, though older ones are often 
glabrous above. The male inflorescence is a small, fleshy green 
disc-shaped body on a short peduncle; and the flowers which are 
very small are imbedded in it. The female flowers are small, 
solitary, pear-shaped bodies with a pair of long, thread-like 
styles. The fruit is a globular succulent drupe about a third of 
an inch long, velvety and of a deep claret colour, and bears the 
remains of the styles. It contains a single, round seed. 
Blume describes the fruit as of an elongate ellipsoid form and 
as big as a plum. Specimens, however, from near the caves at 
Kwala Lumper, in Selangor, were much smaller and quite glo- 
bular. 
Action of the Poison. 
The following experiments, incomplete as they are, are, I 
think, worth recording : — 
Experiment 1. — I obtamed a small, brown, pariah bitch in com- 
plete health and at 11 a.m. injected into its back with a hypoder- 
mic syringe 10 mm. of the sap of Strychnos Tieute, a clear, taste- 
less liquid obtained by cutting the roots across and letting the 
sap drain into a vessel. There was no result. (I found afterwards 
