208 
The supposed deadly effects of sleeping under the tree, and 
putting the latex on the skin, have been shown by Vaughan Ste- 
vens to be mainly at least imaginary. He sat under the tree 
when the latex was exuding and slept for a whole night beneath 
it, and also covered his hand and arm with the latex, and held his 
head over the steam of the boiling liquid for an hour, without ex- 
periencing anv ill effects. 
He, like myself, has drunk the latex in small quantities without 
feeling any poisonous effect. Horsfield however states that taken 
into the stomach of a dog, the Antiaris produces nearly the same 
symptoms as it does when injected. Oppression of the head, 
twitchings, faintness, laborious respiration, violent contraction 
of the muscles (pectoral and abdominal), increased flowof saliva, 
vomiting, great restlessness, agony, etc., for nearly two hours, but 
after evacuation of the stomach, the animal gradually recovered. 
I have not been able to obtain this effect and have already 
mentioned that, on giving a toad a quantity internally, no effect 
was produced, though these animals are very sensitive to 
injected Antiaris. 
Remedies. 
Most of the Sakais say that there is no cure for a wound poison- 
ed with Ipoh, they themselves having usually recourse to charms. 
But several methods of treatment were proposed or recommend- 
ed in the early days of the opening up of the Malay Archipelago, 
when explorers were liable to be attacked by natives armed with 
blowpipes and darts, especially before the introduction of fire- 
arms, when the sumpiian was the common weapon of defence. 
Most of these proposed remedies need be mentioned only as cu- 
riosities. Actual cautery has already been mentioned as used 
at the siege of Malacca, but the method most in repute in the 
East Indies was to cause the patient to swallow his own excre- 
ment. The object of this was to produce violent vomiting. 
Rumphius, who with others recommends this, recommends also 
the use of Crinum asiaticum, the tubers of which are to be 
crushed, and some of the juice to be swallowed, and some placed 
on the wound. This plant, a common sea-shore plant with 
white lily-like flowers, was formerly included in the Pharmaco- 
pceia of India as an emetic. The same author urges the use also 
of sea-water, or a solution of chloride of sodium, on the ground 
that violent vomiting must be produced, or the patient has no 
chance. He advises, too, the use of water melons to extinguish 
the burning of the intestines. Kcempfer recommends the use of 
Ophiorrhiza Mungos as an antidote to all poison. It is a herb 
which has long ceased to have any medicinal reputation at all. 
Newbold mentions a plant called Lemmah-kapiting as used by 
the aborigines against the poison ; I have never met with any such 
name, and he gives no clue at all as to what the plant is like. 
The Chemistry of Antiaris 
Has been studied by a considerable number of Analysts. 
Professor H. W. Bettink (Haaxmans Tijdschrift, i88q) found 
