up entirely -in large pieces. The tree has ‘a habit of rotting 
between the large branches, becoming partly hollow and then 
breaking up. It is however a rapid grower and is soon replaced. 
The tree is raised from seed and will stand a great deal of prun- 
ing which is often necessary to get it into a good shape. 
Sterculia elata. — -A tree recently introduced from India, 
promises well as a roadside tree. It grows very fast and will 
stand lopping, and is moreover of good form. It is raised from 
seed and grows well almost anywhere so long as the soil is reason- 
ably good. 
Penaga, Calophyllum inopyyllum . — Is a very handsome tree, 
easily raised from seed and growing fast, but owing to its habit 
of branching low down and forming but a short stem, it is not 
at all suited for a roadside tree. It also has the disadvantage of 
producing large quantities of hard, globular fruits which are 
most objectionable on the roads, being very likely to throw down 
horses. It is used, however, as a roadside tree in many places, 
especially in sandy spots near the sea where few r other trees will 
grow well. It is but little liable to the attacks of parasites or 
epiphytes, and its wood is strong, so' that it is seldom broken by 
wind. 
There are a number of other species of Calophyllum here, but 
though they usually produce tall straight stems, they grow too 
slowly to be of use as roadside trees. 
Cassia fistula. — This magnificent tree called sometimes the 
Indian Laburnum, seems to grow best in the northern parts of 
the Peninsula, especially near the sea. The climate of Singa- 
pore does not seem to suit it at all, though there are a few' fine 
trees to be seen there. It is more suitable as an ornamental 
tree from its beautiful masses of golden yellow flowers than as a 
shade tree, as it does not, as a rule, spread much. It is raised 
from seed and is a moderately fast grower. 
. C. nodosa. Is a handsome tree somewhat resembling the 
last with smaller leaflets and rosy flowers. It is a native of the 
Peninsula and in suitable places grows to a large size, wdth a 
spreading head of foliage. It is raised from seed and is a moder- 
ately fast grower. 
C.javanica. T.s a similar tree to the last with larger flowers 
borne on the ends of the branches, and not on the old wood as in 
the preceding species, and is altogether a more beautiful tree. 
It seems to grow more rapidly but not very tall. It is a native 
of Borneo and Java. 
C. siamea. — A smaller tree titan the last three, with terminal 
trusses of golden yellow flowers, will grew readily almost any- 
where. It is a very fast grow r er, but short-lived, and when it 
dies breaks up very quickly, so that though a very ornamental 
tree it is only suited for gardens and waste ground and not for 
the roadside. 
