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XII. SüFFIXES AND PARTIOLES (H-J) 
H-n, the letters li and n are antithetical, yet in combination form com- 
pleteness. Thus ha as root “ to know ” is completed with ne 
( ha-ne ) ; na as root “ to go,” is completed with ha ( na-ha , we go, 
we will, we are, we act, etc.). These two letters h-n are ubiquitous 
as partióles with a variety of meanings of which harta (ana, ine, 
etc.) is common to the Chaco languages and defies definition, the 
central idea perhaps is the simple verb “ to be,” existence, present, 
continuous, and future action, e.g. : 
mes, two ; kas-mes-hána, we two only. 
voata, shake ; ti-wata-háne, rock to sleep ; the boleadoras. 
kaive, weave ; kawe-hene, weaving. 
lemi, white ; lemi-hine, white of egg. 
malta, yellow ; malta-hiñe, yolk of egg. 
yolti, to seek, hunt ; yojhine, to track ; yojnaheyi, to ride. 
yam nehe, I am, I also ; am neha, thou art, thou also ; nalta, we 
are, we will, we also, we will go, let us go, be, do, etc. 
Ha (he, hi, etc.), plural suffix to verbs ; kima, pl. kima-ha, to hold. 
Ha (he, etc.). (1) Simple verbal suffix: fua-ha, fue-he, fue-hi, to chop. 
(2) Differentiating- the meaning : yen, look ; yen-ihi, to spy ; 
lisdna, make ; lisána-ha, to repair ; lisána-he, card wool ; maiyi, 
take, bring ; maiyi-he, to take a letter, message. (3) Forming verbs 
from nouns : fuat, fire ; fuat-ihd, burnt ; kieme, sugar-cane ; 
kemi-hi, to be sweet ; ivu, yu, dress ; wu-hi, to put on cloak ; 
yo-hina, to clothe. (4) Causative : wosa, fíat ; wosa-ha, flatten. 
(5) Nouns from verbs : yen, look ; ti-yen-aha, mirror. 
Hi, box, caso, etc. : fnat-ihi, tinder-box. 
Hi-yi, person : Ki-hi, adult ; a-yi-ne, man. 
lli-yi, plural partióle : anewo-yi, ye are tired ; kas-lemi-tsi-hi, we are 
white ; or with unaspirated vowel : tepis-e, many suck. 
Ho, very, intensive partióle : wuk, house ; wuk-oho, inside the liouse. 
Huk, fuel, firebrand : fuat-ehuk, firewood. 
II, j. As an infix it maltes nouns feminine : iseni, nephew ; isejni, niece ; 
and changes the meanings of verbs : kime, hold, handle ; kijme, 
work. In the following sentence it gives the idea of refiexive : 
Sekii ah-alenta, there are horses themselves there. 
lia, negativo suffix : thla yalca-wonta ha, I am hatless. The ha belongs 
to thla as in thla-he-pa, non?, there is or are none. 
II -iv. In some few words as in toj-lie or toj-ioe, far ; noj-he or noj-ive, all, 
exhausted ; the h and w are interchangcablo. 
