217 — 
will illustrate it : Pókthleyi , to crack, burst ; caus. Pathkátkyi, 
to split ; Pákthleyi, to gather ; caus. Pathchischi, to gatlier that 
of another. 
Tsu, suck, chew, kiss (important root), cf. Q. su-ccu, chun-cca. 
CH 
Ch. Tlie consonant ch is a compound sometimes cqual to ty (L.-M. 
i-fyam or i-tcham, to tread on) ; ky (V. kyu, clin , horn) ; sh (T. 
shita, chita, fat) ; ts (V. tsu, clin, suck). The ch is a rare sound 
in Choroti, but appears in the word for chief, which is noteworthy : 
Ch., ne-chas or ne-chias ; V., ka-ñat, ka-niat, ka-niati ; S., ká-ni- 
cha, thkai-ne-che ; T., ná-ka-shi ; T., salya-gana (chieftess), salya- 
ganik (chief) ; L.-M., wi-sclii ; Mocovi, na-schi ; Enimaga, 
thla-ka-se ; Arawak, wa-chi-na-chi ; Mojo, a-chicha-ko. The 
salya of the Toba is equivalent to the L.-M. kilyi, as in kilyi-nniat, 
monkey ; kilyi-kliama , spirit ; a prefix denoting tribal, racial, 
shewing some “ tótem ” relation as in the word kilin-yapa, dove. 
The underlying idea of chief is a kind of fathcr. The ch is used 
extensively in all the languages of the centre of the continent for 
family relationships, children and parents. 
XVII. Partióles and Suffixes (S, SH, TS) 
S (es, is), plur. sulL to nouns. 
Se, slie, particle denoting “ down ” ; ka nep ta-se, moonset ; tonishe, 
to strain, filter, clrop down. 
S, liquids or soft parts of the body ; lcatus, milk ; kasile, tripes ; 
ivoyis, blood. 
Sha, same as she, down ; yami-sha, to swallow ; yami-she, knock down. 
Sha, sa, an instrument ; tehc-isha, digger ; taha-isa, adze. 
SU ( kisilii , kishii), away from, outside, distance : kisihi, camp ; nui- 
kishi, scatter ; nuka-sii, ab andón ; nukisha, depart. 
Si, causative or of another ; lane-si na-vmyi, to strip, malee bare a 
person. 
S, ts, hurry, liaste ; mishima, hurry ; yakai-tsihi, hurry ; ojse, follow, 
bo quick, rouse u p ; ose, run ; olease, chase. 
Se, liair, down ; po-se, beard ; tia-se, eyelashes. 
Tse ( tsi , etc.). 1. Otlicr, another ; ke-tsi, ke-tse, ke-tsia, otlier ; ils- 
