— 233 — 
prcocding a vowcl (thlet, his motlicr). T, th, and l are cornmon 
to the group as prefix of third person : 
Ch. 
thlo. seed 
tot, chest 
lawole, weeds 
V. 
thlói, seed 
toj. skin 
lowole, hair 
Ch. 
thlai, fruit 
toj, skin 
lashi, mouth 
T. 
ala, fruit, seed 
lok, skin 
dam, belly 
In Lengua-Mascoy there is no special form for the third person, 
but everything is arranged as lst person, 2nd and 3rd masculine, 
and 2nd and 3rd feminine ; it is, therefore, of greater interest that 
this third personal prefix is preserved in a number of words re- 
ferring to inanimate things or animáis, but modified to receive 
the distinctive prefixes : 
áb-ith-chipuk (m.) 
áb-yüh-na (m.) 
áb-ith-na-muk (m.) 
áp-támnik (m.) 
áp-thlimpinik (m.) 
ith-chipuk (fem.), leg, trunk, stem 
ig-yitli-na (fem.), fruit. Ch. Hilo 
ith-na-muk (fem.), flower. Ch. thlo-ki 
a-tdmnik (fem.), foot-print, from ámnik, foot 
i-thlimpinik (fem.), wing. V. thlef 
(4) In Vejoz the partióle thle makes its plural in ta (denoting present 
tense). In turning a noun into a verb t is substituted for thl, 
e.g. íhM-chu, egg ; ti-chu-i, to lay eggs ; thla-wo, flower ; ta- 
tuó -i, to flower. 
(5) Final l or th is often slurred as, e.g. in Vejoz, aniel (ye) and Choroti 
kiol, kioth (locust), or in the first sy fiable of the Lengua-Mascoy 
kyel-thlingkyip (ye), pronounced respectively alinost like ame, 
kio, kye. 
(G) Tho t is rare in its use (as compared with l or th) with nouns in 
Vejoz, Choroti, Chunupi and Toba, but of froquont occurroncc 
as Índex of the third person in verbs ; while on the other 
hand the l or th is rarely, if ever, used as a verbal Índex of 
third person. As a reflexive in the second person l and thl 
are used in Vejoz, Choroti, and Chunupi. See Chap. IV, 
§ 10 . 
The i or y is the usual third person partióle of verbs in the three 
languages mentioned and Toba, but with certain verbs t is 
used, and in Choroti the t prefix denotes the passive, or re- 
ílexive, whicli often in these dialects is the same tliing, e.g. 
L.-M. pitkin-athcheyi, she places herself down, she is placed 
down. The passive is often a substantive ; CH. ti-woma (is 
planted ; that which is planted, a garden) ; ti-tiyaki, a dart ; 
i-tiyaki, to shoot. The letter n though used as verbal termina- 
tion, e.g. po-ne, cover, is not used as verbal prefix, excepting 
