Davis.] 
318 
[January 18 , 
allowing me to use his library. It has been deemed advisable to 
include a few titles seen only in reviews. 
Somerville, Physical Geography : American edition, 1849, p. 
245, “ The hollows formed on the surface of the earth by the 
ground rising or sinking, earthquakes, streams of lava, craters of 
extinct volcanoes, the intersection of strata, and those that occur 
along the edge of the different formations, are generally filled 
with water, and constitute systems of lakes, some salt and some 
fresh. Many of the former may be remnants of an ancient ocean 
left in the depressions of its bed during its retreat as the conti- 
nent arose : ” p. 246, supply of water; more lakes in high than in 
low latitudes on account of difference in evaporation ; in Europe, 
one system of lakes from Scotland to Russia (“ Ladoga and 
Onega occupy transverse rents .... across the paleozoic 
strata ”) ; a second system from the Pyrenees along the moun- 
tains to Asia and the Caspian ; in Italy, lakes in craters. . Many 
lakes are mentioned, but their description is statistical and 
unsystematic. 
Yon Kloden, Ilandbuch der Erdkunde, 3 v., Berlin, 1859-62. 
Lake basins (i. 405) are bowl-shaped hollows in a horizontal surface, 
extinct craters, or the lower parts of longitudinal or cross valleys : 
followed by much statistical description and extended tables of 
altitude, depth, etc : v. Kloden also prepared the Verzeichniss von 
Landsee’n mit Angabe ihrer Hohenlage, Ausdehnung und Tiefe, 
for Behm’s Geogr. Jahrbuch, i, 1866, 281 ; but gave no classifica- 
tion. 
Herschel, Physical Geography, Edinburgh, 1862, p. 119, de- 
fines basin; lakes maybe with or without outlet; p. 123, upheaval 
will form basins ; if violent as in Alps, mountain lakes, less violent 
in Finland, etc. ; occasionally created by accident, as by volcanic 
lava-streams. 
Ramsay, 1859-1862, underrates certain possible causes and gives 
too great importance to glacial erosion : see p. 336. 
Desor, 1860-1865, greatly exaggerates violent and orographic 
causes : see p. 328. 
Lyell, in his Elements and Principles of Geology and Antiquity 
of Man, describes orographic, warped valley, earthquake, glacial 
erosion, ice barrier, moraine, delta and river-silt barrier lakes ; in 
the latter work he discusses the origin of lakes by glacial erosion 
