1882 .] 
855 
[Davis 
The Moraine Barrier lakes of Switzerland require further notice. 
There are many well within the mountains, of which the Achen 
See, south from Munich, may serve as an example 1 ; but more 
interesting are those on the open country about Zurich — Lakes 
Sempach, Baldegg, Ilullwyl, Zurich (nearly divided by a second 
moraine at its middle 2 ), Greifen and Pfaffikon, as well as the 
extinct basins, filled by deposits of the Reuss and Thur. The 
moraine barriers are beautifully shown on the maps (sheets VIII, 
IX) of the Swiss geological Survey. Ammer, Wiirm , 3 Chiem and 
other smaller lakes in Southern Bavaria are probably of the same 
origin. 
The lakes on the Italian slope of the Alps, opening into the 
Plain of the Po, all have strong moraines at their southern mar- 
gins , 4 but it is difficult to say how completely these barriers account 
for the presence of the lakes and whether other causes may not 
be more important ; in looking at the case more in detail, we may 
In New Zealand ; Haast, Geol. Soc Journ., xxi, 1865, 130-135, and Roy. Geogr. Soc. 
Journ., xi, 1870, 433. Russell, N. Y. Lyceum Nat. Hist. Ann., 1876, 251. Hector, 
Geol. Mag., n, 1865, 377. Locke-Travers, Geol. Soc. Journ., xxn, 1866, 204. These 
authors are divided as to the origin of the New Zealand lakes ; two being for glacial 
excavation, and two for moraine barriers. Hector adds warping also. 
In British Columbia; Dawson, Geol. Soc. Journ., xxxiv, 1878, 113 — . Canada 
Geol. Survey, Report for 1876-77, 1877-78. 
In the Sien-a Nevada; Whitney, Geol. Cal., I, 437. 
l Simony, Ueber Alpenseen. Wien, Vereinzur Verbreit. naturw. Kennt. Schriften, 
xix, 1878-79, 550. Its depth is 132 metres; not a quarter of what is sometimes given, 
as in Nature, Apr. 11, 1878, p. 468. Giimbel, Geog. Karte d. Konigr, Bayern, bl. iv, 
shows it as drift-barred. 
2 Escher v. d. Linth. Ueber die Bildungsweise der Landzunge von Hurden im 
Zurichersee. Zurich, Naturf. Ges. Mitt., ii, 1850-52, 506; Ueber die Gegend von Zurich 
in der letzten Perode der Vorwelt. Zurich, 1852, map. 
3 Zittel. Miinchen, Akad. Sitz’b.,iv, 1874, 259. 
4 Mortillet, Carte des anciens glaciers du versant italien des Alpes, Milano, Soc. Ital. 
Atti, iii, 1860,44. 
Omboni, Sul terreno erratico della Lombardia, id , n, 1859-60, 6; also hi, 1861. 
Paglia, Sulle colline di terreno erratico . . . del Lago di Garda, id, n, 1863, 337. 
also vi, 1864. 
E. Staudigl, Die Wahrzeichen der Eiszeit am Siidrande des Gardasee’s, Wien, Geol., 
Jahrb., xvi, 1866, 479. 
E. Desor, Paysage Morainique, Paris, 1875. 
B. Martino, I ghiacchiai antichi e moderni, Torino, 1866, 80. 
Riitimeyer, Pliocan und Eisperiode auf beiden Seiten der Alpen, Basel, 1876. 
A glacial map of Lake Iseo is given by Geikie, Prehistoric Europe, 1881, pi. B. 
