1882 .] 
377 
[Davis. 
before noted their connection with the drift, 1 and in Ohio. 2 In 
Wisconsin 3 and Minnesota 4 they have lately been studied with 
care ; and similar ponds are reported in the Coteau, the Touch- 
wood Hills and Turtle Mountain west of Winnepeg. 6 
The morainal ponds of Europe are precisely of the same 
character. 6 The moraines enclosing the Italian lakes 7 all contain 
these hollows. Still more remarkable are the countless lakes in 
Northern Germany among the moraines 8 that run nearly parallel 
with the shore of the Baltic ; “ the mecklenburgish-pommersch- 
preussiche Hohenzuge ; ” 9 the drift-hills form the most conspicuous 
elevations of this flat country, and are throughout followed by 
lakes, so that their district is known as the “ Seenplatte.” Kloden 
says there are 960 lakes in Pommerania, and 1200 in Livland, 10 
a similar district further northeast, but many of these seem to 
„ belong under the fourth subdivision of this species. 
It is very probable that Scandinavia and Great Britain will 
furnish other examples of these moraine-lakes, but I can give 
none occurring on so large a scale as those named above. The 
lakes of Finland already mentioned under the heading of Drift 
Barrier Basins should be named here as well. 
3. The mounds and ridges of gravelly, waterworn drift known 
as asar, eskers or kames, 11 frequently enclose hollows or bowls 
holding small ponds with or without outlet ; they grade into 
1 Geol. Penna, 1858, i, 37, n, 928. 
2 Newberry, Geol. Obio, i, 46. 
3 Chamberlain, Geol. Wise, ii, 200; in, 383; Wise. Acad. Sci. Trans, iv, 1877, giving 
general map of moraines for eastern U. S. 
4 W. Upham and C. M. Terry, Geol. Minn. Reps. 1879, 1880 : two valuable maps 
n latter. The total number of lakes in the state is estimated at 7000 to 10,000, nearly 
all belonging to our Drift Basin species. 
6 Geol. Surv. Territories, 1867-69, 174; 1872, 294. G. M. Dawson, Geol. Soc. Journ. 
xxxi, 1875, 603; Geol. and Resources 49th Parallel, 212, 222, 228. 
6 Desor, Paysage Morainique, 1875, lays much emphasis upon their occurrence, and 
points out their distribution : see also R. Luddecke, Ueber Moriinenseen, Inaug. 
Dissert, Halle, 1881. 
7 See references under C. 3. 
8 Recent observations leave little doubt of these hills being true terminal moraines 
of an ice sheet. 
9 Berendt, Deutsch. geol. Gesell. Zft. xxxi, 1879, 19, and pi. ii and in. 
10 Handbuch der Erdkunde, I, 419. 
11 In Sweden, Ireland and Scotland : the latter name is generally adopted in this 
country. 
