1882 .] 
889 
[Haynes. 
rocks that the region where they are found can furnish. They 
are commonly made of white or milky quartz, or quartzite, felsite, 
or of some very compact variety of syenite or granite. Often they 
have been fashioned out of a pebble from the glacial drift, which 
still retains a portion of its original surface, or crust. This cir- 
cumstance proves that they must necessarily be post-glacial in 
date, whether they have been found deeply buried jn the earth, or 
upon the surface of ploughed fields. 
On comparing them with the palaeolithic implements discovered 
by Dr. Abbott, several of which are here before you, it will be 
perceived at once that these new objects are of much ruder type 
and coarser fabric. Some of the new forms bear a slight analogy 
to them, but on the whole the Trenton specimens show unmistak- 
able proofs that their makers possessed greater skill in fashioning 
stone into implements than is displayed in these new and simpler 
styles of tools. Geologically considered they would seem to be 
later than the Trenton implements ; but archaeological considera- 
tions would make them appear older; and at all events they are 
quite different. 
If the men of the Trenton gravels are to be assigned to inter- 
glacial times, if they belonged to the Esquimaux race, and if they 
were gradually forced northwards by the pressure of newly-come 
Indian tribes, as some archaeologists have surmised, they must 
indeed have greatly degenerated by the time they reached this 
neighborhood or that of the White Mountains, on the supposition 
that these very rude implements, which I have discovered, can 
have been their production. 
To sum up my argument in a few words : I infer the former 
existence in New England of a race of men different from and 
less advanced than the Indians, because I have found in many 
localities, where none of the ordinary traces of Indian occupa- 
tion could be discovered, a large quantity of stone implements 
of ruder types and coarser make than those habitually used by 
them. Whether these are actual relics of primeval man, i. e. of a 
race who lived long anterior to the Indians, or whether they are 
the work of the degraded descendants of an earlier people, who 
had succumbed to the Indians, I do not undertake to pronounce. 
The following opinions of practical and experienced geologists 
are appended, as bearing upon the question whether these new and 
