TIMBER TRADE IN THE BINDINGS. 
In the Bindings the principal species utilized for Timber are as 
follows : — 
Class I B. — Meranti, Niato, Medang, Manggis Hutan, Merawan 
and Grongang. 
Class II. — Septiere, 1 'along Avam, Durian Hutan, Jelutong. 
Some of the trues due to a complete 1 overhead leaf canopy result- 
ing in a thick Inver of im decomposed leaves, fail to show a better 
seedling growtli. Admission of light by interruptions in the canopy 
seems ’advantageous as is evidenced in coupes where ad jacent trees 
are in hearing. 
The only drawbacks to a representative pole crop is that these 
parts have never as yet been allowed a sufficient period of rest for 
the seedlings to establish themselves as frequent fellings over the 
same area have left t heir traces op the -present constitution of the 
forests. 
Chengal, Damar Laut, I’etaling, Resale and other hard wood pqjes 
are also sadly wanting as they were not only much in demand for 
the construction of the native houses, fencings, fishing stakes, masts 
etc., locally, but also formed an export for ages past. 
The Crown lands are worked by Chinese kongsis consisting of 
lindals, clerk, cook, buffalo drivers and the requisite number of 
timber cutters and sawyers. Licences are issued and the royalty 
is collected bv tonnage (50 cubic feet= 1 ton) on the basis of 
$3 per ton of converted Class I B. timber and $2 for Class II. The 
trees are marked for felling by the Forest Department and are then 
logged into 16 feet length if convertible into planks. The logs are 
trimmed into waney baulks and then sawn into transportable sizes. 
Buffaloes drag it out overtrades made of jungle rollers laid at right 
angles to the direction of the path. They are then built into rafts 
and floated down to the sawyard and hand-sawn, different sized 
planks, scantlings and battens being extracted so as to completely 
utilize the wood. 
I he coolies are paid according to qualifications ranging from $8 
to $12 per mensem, whenever possible. “ Sinkehs ’’ are employed, 
the latter being cheap labour. Sawyers and cutters are paid at con 
tract rates. Coolies on daily wages of about 40 cents per day are 
engaged in clearing paths, building rolling roads, turning over and 
lifting logs into position for trimming and sawing in the forest 
Trimmed logs, if large, are sawn into transportable sizes by the 
coolies at contract rates, their daily wages being stopped for the 
time. 
Tindals align paths and supervise sawing in the forests and 
sawyards so that the largest dimensioned planks may be obtained, 
This requires some skill and is dependent on the peculiar defects in 
the wood. 
All the inmates of the kongsi get free rations consisting of rice, 
