( 2X6 ) 
use for making twine. It has ovate dentate leaves, small green 
flowers in slender spikes, and a woody green three-lobed capsule. 
The Malays call it Ramin (or Rami) Bukit, Sumin Jantan, or 
Sumin Bukit. 
The trouble of collecting the bast is rather against the use 
of this class of shrub. 
Macaranga J avnnica, Muell ( Euphorbiacece ). This common 
tree appears as secondary growth in abandoned cultivated ground 
in great quantity, and grows with considerable rapidity, but never 
attains any great size. It is commonly known as Balik Angin. 
The chief value of the plant consists in its aid to reafforesta- 
tion, as it soon covers the ground, but some years ago a planter, 
Mr. Dupoy, in Singapore, having somehow mistaken it for 
Ramie, stripped the bark and extracted a fibre of fine white 
colour but not very strong. 
Mallotus Cochinchinensis, Muell ( Euphorbiacece ). An almost 
equally common tree, also known as Balik Angin, was also experi- 
mented with by Mr. Dupoy. 
The bast of both these trees is thiqQj.nd red-brown, strong 
and tough. The fibre is remarkably fine and white, rather short 
and not very strong. I do not remember ever to have heard of 
natives using it for tying purposes. Of the two trees Mallotus 
Cochin-chin ensis appears to have the best bark. 
Gnetum. — There are several species of these remarkable 
climbers in the forests, in some of which the lianes attain a 
considerable thickness. The bark is thickened often in rings, 
giving the lianes a knotted appearance. The common name for 
this set of plants among the Malays is Akar Dagun. Other names 
are Akar Mantada, A. Putat, A. Sebuseh pay a, A. Saburus. A.Tutubo 
( Gnetum funicnlave Bl.) A. Jullah, A. Perut Sumba, A. Sacherit 
Hitam, A. Serapat Jantan, and Selampah for G.neglectum. Akar 
Tali is a name also occasionally used for the Gnetums. The 
bark of these plants, produces a fibre used as string by Malays 
in the forest, and from a sketch bv Vaughan Stevens I believe 
that the “ Lennow ” of the Sakais is one species, probably 
G. funiculars. This, he says, supplies the Sakais with thread for 
sewing. The bark of Gn . Gnemon, the Maningo, a tree cultivated 
occasionally for its fruit, is used also in many parts of the East, 
and G, scandens of the Indian islands is used by the Andamanese 
for making fishing nets. 
Anodcndron paniculatum. — A, D. C. (Apocynacecz), a big clim- 
ber, common in India and Ceylon, but rare in the Peninsula, is said 
to give a strong and fine fibre much used by the Cinghalese. 
Cryptostegia grandiflora ( Apocynaceoe ), a common garden plant 
here, a climber with purple flowers, is also recommended as a fibre 
plant, the fibre resembling flax. It seems never to have been 
