3°3 
For this opening of what was unremunerative fo. ;st and its con- 
version into remunerative estates, the Federated Malay States have 
to thank the first Head of the Botanic Gardens of Singapore, Mr. 
MURTON. Other Coffee plants were also introduced experimentally 
by the Botanic Gardens. 
Cape Coast Coffee, by Mr. MURTON, in 1875, Maragopie Coffee 
and a Mauritius variety Caf’Nain by Mr. CANTLEY in 1882 and 
Coffea bengalensis. 
Of these most have dropped out of cultivation from one cause or 
another, but usually because they did not fruit as well as the Liberian 
Coffee. Maragopie Coffee, however, is still sometimes asked for 
though it never seems to have been really disease-proof or come up 
to what was claimed for it. 
Coffea stenophylla was introduced in 1895 from Kew, and distri- 
buted as quickly as might be to the Coffee planters. A small berried 
Coffee of very high quality and fruiting well, it would probably 
have been largely planted, but for the rise of Rubber cultivation 
shortly after its discovery. One of the first trees received was given 
to Mr. W. W. Bailey of Klang, who tended it carefully, and with 
much pains and skill produced the grand hybrid between it and 
Liberian Coffee, of which Dr. TREUB, the Director of Buitenzorg 
Gardens, stated on seeing it that it would entirely revolutionize 
Coffee -growing. 
During 1900, Coffea Laurentii robusta , a very handsome Coffee 
bush, was introduced. It 1 as hardly had a fair trial as yet, but at 
present it appears in the Gardens to be a most floriferous plant, but 
not fruitful enough to please the cultivator. 
Nyasa-land Coffee was introduced in 1902, Angola Coffee, a varie- 
ty of C. arabica and Zanzibar Coffee, in 1904. 
Chocolate . — The first record I have of the cultivation of Chocolate 
in the Peninsula is the mention of a tree in a garden in Malacca by 
Koenig, in 1779. It is next mentioned in the Life of Sir Stamford 
Raffles as one of the trees planted in the ground round the Govern- 
ment House in 1818 Thomson writing in Logan’s Journal in 1850 
says that there were a few trees in Singapore at that time. It 
seemed to be scarce, however, and Murton reintroduced it in 1877, 
and supplied Perak with plants in 1879; about 1880, a series of the 
best Trinidad varieties was introduced to the Singapore Botanic 
Gardens and some of these plants are still fruiting at the present 
day. 
At one time there was a good demand for Cocoa plants and seed 
and a considerable number were distributed to various planters. Very 
little success, however, has attended the cultivation of this plant here. 
The soil of much of the Peninsula is too, poor for it, and it suffers 
very much from the attacks of fungi and vermin, perhaps worse 
from the raids on the fruit made by squirrels (tupais) and civet cats, 
and consequently it has never been a popular plant here. The tree 
however, often grows and fruits well and fine pods have been fre- 
quently shown from the Botanic Gardens trees and from the gar- 
