3°4 
dens and esb .es of private persons at the various agricultural 
shows. 
Tea . — I cannot find that there was any Tea grown in the Malay 
Peninsula till MtJRTON introduced both Assam and Chinese Tea in 
1877, when he distributed it to Sungei Ujong and other parts of the 
Peninsula. 
Tea gardens were made by Sir HUGH Low on the Thaiping and 
Hermitage Hills and those of the latter station produced, under the 
management of Mr. Cock, a good deal of excellent produce till after 
the death of Mr. COCK, the gardens were practically abandoned. 
Tea was grown also successfully in Singapore, Johore and M ..cca, 
for some time, but though the shrub grows with the greatest ease and 
readiness, almost anywhere, the low price of the product has never 
tempted planters to lay out estates on a large scale. All the re- 
corded varieties of Tea have been introduced by the Botanic Gardens 
at one time or another, but the most suitable for cultivation has been 
the Assam variety. Chinese Tea has seldom done well. 
SPICES. 
Nutmegs and Cloves were introduced into Penang by CHRISTO- 
PHER Smith, in 1796, and into Singapore, by Sir Stamford 
Raffles, in 1822. The cultivation throve till i860, when a large 
proportion of it was destroyed by disease as described in Bulletin 
I, p. 99. It did not die out in Penang and Province Wellesley but 
passed into native hands. 
One or two plantations of Nutmeg remained in Malacca till quite 
lately, and Mr. Robert Little started a plantation of Nutmegs 
which did very well and Cloves less satisfactory in Singapore some 
years ago. A few of the old trees of the Nutmeg plantations remained 
in Singapore till the last few years, but I believe all are gone now. 
Pepper was cultivated in Malacca before 1583, and was exten- 
sively cultivated in Penang and Singapore, Johore, Perak, etc., till a 
few years ago, when owing to low prices and especially to the dis- 
appearance of Gambir with which it was cultivated, chiefly due to 
the failure of the firewood supply, the cultivation in Singapore was 
abandoned. 
Cubebs . — Piper Cubeba were introduced by MURTON in 1877. 
The price of the product was then high and the Dutch attempted 
to keep the cultivation entirely in their own hands. It was impos- 
sible to procure stoex from them in 1889, though attempts were 
made to get fresh plants, a few years later, the price fell to so little 
that the cultivation was abandoned all over the East. 
All-spice . — Pimento acris were introduced by Murton in 1877, 
but as has happened in many other parts of the world, it refused to 
fruit here, so that the cultivation is practically confined to the West 
Indies. 
Cardamoms were introduced by MURTON in 1875. The plant 
however, requires some altitude to fruit well, and does not succeed 
