3 11 
Penang in 1805, but this seems to have been mainly Batavia Sugar. 
The date at which sugar was introduced into the Malay Peninsula 
is lost in antiquity, but probably not later than the first occupation 
by the Portuguese. 
Many varieties were introduced by the Botanic Gardens in Singa- 
pore. Murton introduced 20 varieties in 1878 and more next year 
and distributed cuttings to Province Wellesley, Perak, Kedah and 
other parts of the Peninsula ; CANTLEY introduced 44 varieties in 
1883 and 56 about 1888 and other varieties were introduced from 
time to time ; CURTIS, in 1898, raised a quantity of cane from seed 
and distributed it to Province Wellesley and Perak. 
The chief cultivation for Sugar-making has always been in Pro- 
vince Wellesley and Lower Perak, but eating cane is cultivated 
everywhere. 
Fibres. 
A great deal of work connected with plants possessing com- 
mercially useful Fibres was done at the Botanic Gardens, not only 
by introduction of useful plants but by experimenting with them. 
Among the plants of this group introduced by the Botanic Gardens 
are ; — 
1879 
1882 
1897 
1876 
1876 
1881 & later 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1904 
1879 
'893 
1893 
Cotton was introduced much earlier and a history of its cultiva- 
. tion has already appeared in the Bulletin , but many, in fact most of 
the known strains, were obtained, cultivated and distributed to 
different parts of the Peninsula from the Botanic Gardens. 
Fodder Grasses. 
A great many fodder plants were introduced and experimented 
with at different times, including Teosinte {Euchlcena luxuriant) 1879. 
Panicun spectabile from Kew, 1880, Guinea grass 1876, and others, 
Vegetables. 
Most of the vegetables regularly cultivated are of native origin. 
English vegetables were introduced many years ago by Dr. Oxley 
and later by Murton, and vegetable seed was also introduced on 
very many occasions later by the Botanic Gardens' Directors, The 
Green Aloes. 
Raphia Fibre. 
Manila Hemp. 
Agaves various 
Sanseviera 
S. 
S. 
and many other 
Cuba bast 
Urera tenax 
Musa Mafaccensis 
Fourcroya longceva 
F. gig ant ea 
F. macrophylla 
Raphia Ruffia 
Musa textilis 
zeylanica 
guineensis 
cylindrica 
species till 
Paritium elatum 
