312 
Cho-cho, Sechun edule, was reintroduced by the Penang Garden in 
1886, Water cress also in 1883, True Lima beans, 1884, and Arti- 
chokes, Tomatos (various strains), Capsicums of various kinds, and 
many other vegetables were introduced from India and Italy and 
distributed from the Botanic Gardens. 
Bamboos. 
In 1 886, Mr. Cantley noticed the absence of serviceable bam- 
boos in Singapore and introduced among others Dendrocalamus 
strict us, the male bamboo, D. giganteus , Bambusa vulgaris , var. 
The few native bamboos here, Schizostackyum , two or three and 
Bambusa Ridley i are of little value. Dendrocalamus , flagellifer so 
much cultivated for its edible shoots and Gigantochloa sp. the 
shoots of which are also eaten, may have been introduced from Java 
by the natives, but as both of these are serviceable bamboos, it is 
probable that they were not in the country in 1886. Since that 
time, there has been no lack of ornamental bamboos, and many 
were sent to different parts of the Malay States, which are very 
poor in useful bamboos. 
Timber Trees. 
A large number were introduced by the Botanic Gardens including 
Teak, Mahogany (both kinds), Carapa Guianensis , Hymencea Cour- 
baril, Eucalypti, many species, Brazil iron wood, Kauri pine (1879). 
Fruits. 
The following fruits were in cultivation before 1875 : — 
Banana 
Durian 
Rambutan 
Mangosteen 
Duku 
Pineapples 
Jambu bol 
Champedak (1848) 
Jack Fruit (1850) THOMSON 
in Logan’s Journal, IV. 
Orange (1850) 
Bachang „ 
Eugenia aquea ,, 
Bilimbings (1850) 
Pulasan ,, 
Rambei ,, 
Namnam ,, 
Pumelo „ 
Rukam 1} 
Chiko „ 
Papaya 
Pomegranate „ 
Anona squamosa 
A. muricata 
A. reticulata 
Tamarind 
All the rest seem to have been introduced later and where not 
otherwise stated were introduced by the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. 
The Durian is first recorded from Malacca by Garcia da Orta 
and LlNSCHOTEN, in 1583. Its place of origin is doubtful. I cer- 
tainly do not think it is a native of the Peninsula as I have never 
seen it wild anywhere. There are, however, a number of species of 
the genus wild in the Peninsula and the adjacent islands. It is 
mentioned as occurring in Sumatra in Chinese literature of the date 
of 1416, (Groenevelot verhandlingen van het genootschep en We- 
tenschappen XXXIX). 
