( 72 ) 
Thirdly, that unless due precautions be taken, both these lament- 
able eventualities are at least liable to occur, and indeed, as far as I 
have seen of the conditions under, which the immigrant lives after 
importation to this country as an agricultural labourer, the failure of 
the coolie is quite probable. 
As it is my purpose to deal principally with the conditions of 
life of the coolie — the pawn upon whom the question of profits must 
to a large extent depend — it will probably be sufficient advice in dealing 
with my first point if I say to managers and assistants: — 
Build your houses on open, elevated, long-cleared land if 
‘possible, let them face the prevailing wind, that you maj' obtain 
the full benefit of the evening coolness; do not lie about in wet 
clothes; sleep under a mosquito net; eat and drink moderately ; 
work hard, but don’t overdo it unless absolute necessity demands ; 
Take every reasonable opportunity of getting away from the 
Estate — especially up an hil} — and when you get “played out” or 
really “seedy” look to it at,once. 
Remember that malaria/ bowel-complaints, and severe colds, are 
serious diseases, and if undealt with frequently leave sequelae which 
neither money nor science can deal with. 
Lastly, wear flannel if you can. 
There are four fundamental necessities for the establishment of 
healthy coolie lines : — 
1. A pure water supply. 
2. Adequate ventilation. 
3. Some inexpensive but efficient system of Sanitation 
in and around the lines. 
4. Sound drainage. 
With regard to number 1, if the well system be adopted of neces- 
sity, then remember that the “ circle of influence ” is at least 20 yards, 
and that sewage contamination has been traced to upwards of one 
mile, if the lines are permanent the wells should be bricked inside 
and surrounded by a raised coping and a .cemented and graded circle 
of say ten febt from the coping all round, the water used for bathing 
or otherwise spilt should be run off to a distance, the well should be 
covered, and all water drawn by a pump. 
A simple method of testing whether a well is contaminated by 
sewage in its vicinity is to pour a ' solution of fluorescin into the 
nearest drain or cesspit and observe whether any fluorescence occurs 
in the well water after 24 hours. 
All well and river water is the better for a passage through a clean 
dripstone filter, but these filters when used casually without cleaning 
are a danger rather than a method of purification. They should be 
periodically boiled and scraped, as fungi are able to grow through 
