( 75 ) 
Lines are generally, in my opinion, better without any open earth 
drains whatever, they only serve as receptacles for all sorts of filth 
and rubbish. The very fact of a convenient hole to throw things into 
running all round the lines, is quite sufficient inducement to create a 
bad habit amongst a much higher type of individual than the average 
coolie. My ideal surrounding for lines would be short -cropped 
grass, gravel, laterite, or coarse ashes, not very expensive luxuries any 
of them. I would run French drains at right angles, from the kuchis 
right round, in order to keep the immediate vicinity dry. Pools, if 
they occurred after rain, should be filled in or levelled. (French drains 
are made by digging first a graded trench, filling in the whole length 
of it with coarse rubble, then over this fill in finer gravel, then sand or 
earth, and cover the whole with earth, gravel, or grass. Some sinking 
will, of course, occur, which must be dealt with, but the result is an 
enormous and cheap improvement.) 
Brick drains round lines are, of course, charming, but they must 
be carefully graded and capable of \ 'dealing with all flood -water, kept 
clean by frequent sweeping and disinfection, and, where they run deep, 
weep holes to carry off surface water should be made. 
Tidal drains, whether of earth or brick, unless properly controlled 
by water gattes are in my opinion inadvisable. If thoroughly under 
control and regularly opened and the drains swept with the ebbing of 
the tide they may be made use of. 
If the watergates are opened at high tide and closed until low- 
water then opened and the drains flushed out at a high velocity, with 
much sweeping, twice a week, then good results may be expected. 
Too much stress cannot be laid upon the t system of facilitating 
all sanitariness amongst coolies, at present they are blamed as a 
class — I believe quite- wrongfully — forbeing dirty in their habits and* 
altogether bestial, they have no opportunity of being otherwise unless 
the European places every convenience within their reach. 
Let a sanitary mandor be appointed to every ioo coolies, erect a 
latrine for every seventy-five individuals, punish defaulters, inform 
your coolies of the arrangements,.post notices for those who can read, 
and I shall deem it a personal favour if you will let me know the 
result at the end of six months. 
System must be the password, and every drainage and sanitary 
plan should be capable of extension to meet larger demands. 
Principal Diseases of the Coolie. 
For obvious reasons it would be improper of me to write a full 
description of the methods of treatment and diagnosis of disease in 
this paper, and it would be quite impossible to do so within the limits 
of an ordinary essay, but in the interests of both parties I may perhaps 
