the red ring of discoloration that may be seen in the stem, and by 
the pustules bearing fungus spores that are invariably seen, sooner 
or later, on the dead leaf-stalks (petioles). 
The disease may spread through the soil by means of mycelium', 
by spores blown by the wind from tree to tree, and by means of the 
fall of diseased petioles, while replanting of supplies on diseased 
spots without proper cultivation and treatment may be a means of 
continuing the disease in the next corp of trees. The disease ap- 
pears in all soils, but apparently spreads more rapidly and is more 
destructive in damp, low lying, undrained hollows. Undrained, 
uncultivated, neglected portions of any estate are a standing menace 
to the^ whole estate and perhaps to the whole district. 
To prevent further spread of the disease, the following remedial 
measures have been suggested : — 
(а) All dead or dying trees, diseased leaves and petioles that 
have fallen to the ground, rubbish, etc., should be destroyed 
either by fire or by burying deeply with lime. All stumps 
should be grubbed up and as many diseased roots as pos- 
sible destroyed. 
(б) When it is noticed that small areas are attacked, they may 
be isolated from the remainder of the estate by digging a 
good trench around them. This should prevent spread of 
mycelium in the soil to other portions of the estate. 
(r) Resting and cultivation of infected land that has been cleared 
and burnt before replanting 4 supplies/ 
(d) Spraying and application of chemicals to destroy spores, 
and also mytelium in the soil. 
( e ) Replanting should be done with ripe nuts from disease- 
resistarrt trees, if such can be found. 
Leaf Disease. 
The leaf disease is limited to small areas, which are apparently, 
in want of better cultivation. 
It is caused by a fungus— a species of Pestalozzia — and may be 
recognized by the yellowish spots on the leaflets, especially near 
their tips. 1 hese spots gradually increase in size, the distal leaflets 
of the leaf turn yellow, then brown, and eventually die. When the 
leaflets of the terminal 2 or 3 feet of the leaf have died, this portion 
breaks off a*nd hangs vertically downwards from the end of the dying 
leaf. (This is characteristic of the disease, and is probably due to 
the weight of the dead tip causing it to break off.) Eventually the 
whole leaf dies, and others become infected. 
This fungus ( Pestalozzia sp.) reproduces itself by means of spores 
on the upper surfaces of the leaflets, and is frequently accompanied 
by another fungus, Diplodia epictcos , the fructifications of which may 
be observed as small, black spots, generally along the veins of the 
leaflets near the mid-rib or on the petioles. Experiments so far 
