247 
The foregoing gives a brief account of the life history of this 
insect as far as it is known to me; but it may be as well to mention 
another form of leaf house constructed by this species. 
Two leaves are employed in this case. That which is immediately 
above the one on which the larva intends feeding is drawn down 
and attached by threads to the lower usually in a crosswise manner. 
Its method of mining is the same but necessarily more confined, 
as, in being placed crosswise only a small portion of the leaves 
affords concealment, usually about square inches. The excre- 
ment is packed away around the margin of the mined portion. 
The duration of the larval life is fourteen days, that of the pupal 
•three weeks, and if we take the length of the egg stage as 8 days, 
the ‘life cycle of this insect is completed in six or seven weeks, 
making it probable that five or more broods appear in the course of 
a year. 
Depredation . — Taking as the typical mode of attack the rolled 
leaf and not the method last described of sewing two leaves together 
in a crosswise manner, the larva first commences its depredations in 
the young shoot. 
As it becomes older the young shoot is encircled by the somewhat 
older leaves. These are mined, causing them after the larva has 
escaped to wither and drop. The apex of the stem also dies back 
for some distance. Before the larva is adult it has done consider- 
able damage to many leaves, and although fifteen or twenty larvae 
do not kill the tree, they are very successful in checking its growth. 
It must also be noted that if allowed to increase at will this insect 
with its rapid metamorphosis renders it impossible for the trees to 
recover from their previous injuries before they are again attacked. 
Larva. — The newly hatched larva is '2-2*5 'mm. (|th inch) long, 
and in colour somewhat fight reddish brown. The thoracic legs are 
dark. 
The adult larva is very variable in colour some specimens of a 
dull blackish purple, others dull yellow their intestinal contents 
giving them a blackish hue dojsally. ■ A double series of shiny 
tubercles on the upper side running in longitudinal parallel lines, 
and of irregular shape. Head yellowish or reddish suffused with 
black anteriorly, sometimes only slightly. Mandibles at tip red ; 
first thoracic segment hard, shining black or brown. Under side of 
abdomen pale yellowish. Three thoracic legs varying in colour 
between pale yellowish and black. Four abdominal feet, one pair 
claspers. Their single long hairs springing from the sides of the 
body. Average length about 27 mm. (i|th inch). 
The pupa is about 12 mm. (| inch) long, dorsally dark in colour, 
ventrally somewhat fighter. It is contained within a cemented 
earthen chamber a little below the surface of the ground. The 
pupa makes its way to the surface just before the adult insect is 
ready to emerge. 
