i 9 9 
in India as astringents for dysentery, discharges^ from the urinary 
organs, relaxed gums, and other cases where astringents are 
required. 
Flacourtia Rnkam ( Bixineoe ) The Rukam a well-known little 
fruit. Holmes in his paper on Malay Materia Me die a gives “ Buah 
Rokam ( Sphoerocarya moschifera ) (Ju gland ace se) v The jilice ex- 
tracted from the bruised fruit is given as an astringent in diarrhoea 
and dysentery. The Spluierocarya [Py ml aria moschifera ) does 
not occur here, but the young fruit of the Rukam ( Flacourria ) is 
certainly very astringent, and is perhaps used as stated by Mr. 
Holmes. 
Anona reticulata (A nonaceoe). “Nona'” The powdered bark is 
given in doses of 5 to 10 grains as an astringent in diarrhoea and 
dysentery” (Holmes.) 
Musa paradisiaca , L. ( Musacece ) “Pisang Batu. The juice 
. extracted from the root after it has been pounded with a little 
saffron {/. e. turmeric) with the addition of a little opium is given 
in teaspoonful doses as an astringent for acute dysentery” (Holmes). 
Casuarina muricata, Roxb. ( Casaar Piece) a decoction of the bark 
is used as an astringent tonic in diarrhoea and dysentery like that 
of C. equisetifolia in China { Holmes). 
C, equisetifolia is the only species of Casuarina here and is no 
doubt the plant intended. It is given as a synonym in the Index 
Kewensis. 
Triumf tta angulata, Lam. ( T ilicese) “Pulut pulut.” The leaves 
are boiled in a decoction of rice and the mixture is given as an 
astringent after dysentery and on debility (Holmes). 
“Pulut pulut” is the name of Urena lobata. 
Plant aero Ispaghula, Roxb. ( Plantaginea ?). The seeds are used 
as in India for diarrhoea (Holmes). The plant does not occur here, 
but the seeds are imported from India. I have failed to raise it 
from seed here. 
A ndstrocladus extensus, V ar. penangianus . “ Akar J ulong hitam.” 
A woody climber not rare in sandy places near the sea. The roots 
are used for dysentery. 
Pomegranate, Punic a granatum, L. ( Lythraceoe ). The bark of 
the roots is used for diarrhoea, but its most important use is for 
tapeworm, for which it is a well known drug. 
Morinda citri folia, L. and M. tinctoria , Roxb. ( Rubiaceee ). 
“ Mengkudu.” A decoction of the bark of these trees is used as 
an astringent. It is rather coarse and strong. The roots were 
formerly used as a dye. It is also used in ague, which see. 
Hedyotis capitellata, Wall. ( Rubiacese ). “Akar Sutnibut,” “Akar 
Kemeniyan Hantu,” A common climbing herb. A decoction of 
the roots is used for dysentery-. 
H . glabra , Br. “ Rumput Sibueh.” A common herb, the whole 
plant is used. 
