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Abrus precatorius , L. ( Leguminose ) “Akar Saga Betina”, Crabs 
eyes or false liquorice. A climbing vetch with pale violet flowers 
and round scarlet and black seeds. This has long been known as 
a cough medicine, but has passed out of the British Pharmacopoeia. 
The natives boil the roots and leaves and chew them with 
betelnut. 
Phyllanthus niruri, L. and Ph. urinaria , L. ( Euphorbiacea ?) 
Dukong Anak. Small common weeds found on paths and waste 
ground everywhere. Are used for colds and coughs in children, 
but also largely for kidney troubles, suppression of urine gravel, 
gonorrhea and other urinary ailments, being strong diuretics. 
For dry cough in children the base of the stem and roots of 
P. niruri with flowers of sweet Basil ( Ocimum Basilicum ) “Ruku 
Ruku”, two slices of ginger rhizome and some sugar candy are 
boiled together and the decoction is given as a drink. 
For urinary troubles Ph. urinaria is boiled and mixed with 
pounded Organ-pipe coral, ( Tubipora ) Bunga Karang, and Sumbu 
China (the slender pith of some plant perhaps a J uncus imported 
from China) and some sugar candy. It is all cooked together and 
the decoction drunk daily. 
Orophea sp. {Anonacece) “Supucha Pelandok”. Roots chewed 
with betelnut for coughs 
Dischidia Rafflesiana, Wall. ( Asclepiadeas ) “Akar Kul”, “Akar 
Bani”, the creeping stem of this plant is used in the same way. 
Mussaenda glabra , Vahl. ( Rubiaceee ) “Balik Adup”, and M- 
varia bills, Hemsley, “Balik Adap Bukit”, is used in the form of 
a decoction of its roots for cough and its leaves for fever. 
Scoparia dulcis Lin. ( Scrophularinea ?), “Te Macao” a twiggy 
herb with small white flowers common now in waste ground, but a 
native of Brazil and a comparatively recent introduction into the 
East Indies. It is a well known cough medecine in its native home, 
and is used here also for a similar purpose. Mixed with the roots 
of Eryngium foetidum , also a South American plant, carried about 
by the Chinese, it is used for stomach-aches. 
Didymocarpus platypus C. B. Clarke ( Cyrtandracea. ?). A small 
shrubby plant with trumpet shaped white flowers with a yellow 
centre not rare in forests. A decoction of the roots is used for 
coughs. 
Cy at hula prostrata ( Amarantacese ), “ Jarang-jarang” A common 
creeping weed in waste ground. A decoction of the roots is given 
in infantile cough. 
Pericampylus incanus. Miers ( Memspermaceae ). Akar Kelem- 
penang. A hedge row climber, the leaves of which pounded and 
made into a decoction with those of Kibessia simplex , Korth. “Sial 
Murahon ” are used for coughs and asthma. 
Plantago major L. ( Plantaginea? ), “ Ekor Angin The roots and 
eaves of this plant have a reputation for coughs and consumption 
as the English plant had formerly. 
