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Gmelina villosa , Roxb, {V erbenaceae) Bulangan. A small tree with 
yellow flowers and acid yellow fruits which preserved in Syrup are 
given in cases of consumption. According to Holmes the bark and 
roots are given as a demulcent and alterative. 
Euphorbia pilulifera, L. ( Enphorbiacex ) “Gelang Susu”. A very 
common little weed about a foot tall, for which at one time there 
was a considerable demand in Europe, but curiously its virtues do 
not seem to have been recognized by natives. It had a reputation 
for bronchitis, asthma and such lung diseases, and being slightly 
narcotic assists in procuring sleep for the patient. The late THOMAS 
Christy wrote, in 1889. “This drug has been sold at 3.9. 6 d. per 
lb. we introduced it originally from Australia, we have been draw- 
ing it largely from India. I want plants when they are about 4 inches 
high with fully grown leaves, just coming into bud full of sap. It 
wants pulling from the earth knocking off the roots and drying in the 
shade, when quite dry it wants to be packed in bales and if it is 
quite safe on account of being dry and the weather is fairly dry it 
may be hydranlically pressed to save freight. ” 
The natives here do not seem to recognize its value in Bronchitis, 
but they use the latex to drop into the eye for sore eyes. 
E. thymifolia . A small prostrate herb very common in paths is 
used for coughs 
Microglossa volubilis (Compost tse) “ Ragin’’. A climber not very 
common. A decoction of the leaves is used for colds. 
Datura fastuosa L. {Solanaceae) . The leaves roughly powdered 
with or without the leaves are rolled into cigarettes and smoked for 
asthma. It is suggested in the Indian Pharmacopoeia to substitute 
it for D. stramonium. 
Gracilaria lichenoides {A l gee) “ Agar Agar”. Seaweed is used not 
only as a well known delicacy, in the form of a jelly, but medicinally 
in coughs and consumption by the Malays.- Holmes points out that 
there are two Agur-Agars in eastern trade, Agar-Agar karang 
Gracilaria lichenoides which when alive is purplish filiform; and 
forked, and the Agar-Agar of Borneo Encheuma spinosum a purplish 
red thicker coarser sea-weed covered with short spines. 
Hydrocotyle rotundifolia {Umbel liferce) “ Pegaga Umbon.” The 
small round leaved species less common than H. AsiaHca is used for 
cough in children under the name of “ Ubat kanak-kanak batu.” It 
is mixed with sugar candy and Cassia bark (kayu-manis china) and 
put in a pot which is plunged in rice while it is being cooked. 
Some is given every morning to the child. 
Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amarantacece). The spiny amaranth, 
“Bayam duri” often eaten as a vegetable, a common green weed, 
is used as an expectorant and to relieve breathing in acute bronchi- 
tis. It is ground up with Usnca barbata (Lichen) Tahi Angin, kayu 
manis china, (cassia bark) and memplas hari (Alyxia stellata bark) 
and cooked in the same way-as the Hydrocotyle is. The medicine is 
known as Ubat kanak-kanak pukul lendir. 
7/fJ3 Jl 
