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Taberncemontana coronaria, L. (. Apocynacese ) Bunga China. A 
commonly cultivated white flowered shrub. The leaves are ground 
up and mixed with sugar candy, and water and put out in the dew 
for one night. The decoction known as “ Ubat Serak ” is given for 
coughs. 
Elephantopus scaber L. ( Composite ) “Tutop Bumi”. A common 
South American weed in grass plots and waste ground, with small 
pink flowers. A decoction of its roots is used for coughs, but it 
also enters into many other remedies. Holmes gives it as an 
anthelmintic for ascaris but he gives the native name as Sembong 
which is Blumea balsa mif era, 
Emilia so nchi folia Dec. ( Composite ), “Tetumbak merah”. 
“ Ketumbi jantan ”, is sold in the herb shops as a cure for coughs. 
A decoction of it is said to be good for consumption. A common 
weed with pink flowers. 
Vitex Lagundi, V. trifolia L. ( Verbenaceoe), “ Lagundi ”. A 
large or small shrub with glancous aromatic leaves and blue flowers. 
A popular medecine, the leaves ground with garlic, pepper, turmeric, 
and boiled rice are made into pills and given for consumption, and 
the patient is also bathed in a decoction of its leaves. The leaves 
ground up with Nigella sativa seeds (Jintan hitam) and onions are 
put on the forehead for headache (ubat pitam). 
Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis L. (Malvaceae), Bunga Rayah. The 
flowers are used in the form of an infusion with sugar-candy as an 
expectorant in bronchitis (Holmes). They are demulcent, and are 
used in the same way for gonorrhea. It is supposed to be essential 
to put the soaking petals out in the dew all night. 
Polyporus sacer , (Fungi) “ Susu Rimau ”. The “ tiger’s milk” is 
the sclerotium of thK fungus, found in the form of irregularly shaped 
rounded masses in forests, usually in decaying wood. It has a great 
reputation for consumption and colds, and is usually expensive on 
account of its rarity. It appears to contain a quantity of pectin, but 
the very small doses given by the herb doctors, on account of its 
costliness can hardly be very efficacious. (See an article on th'e 
plant, Straits Ass. Soc. XXIII). 
Rheumatism and Lumbago. 
These ailments are usually treated by rubbing the affected parts 
with decoctions of various roots or leaves, or with these ground up 
after boiling. Some of them have aromatic properties, others are 
stimulant or rubefacient. 
Dryobalanops Camphora , Gaertn “ Kapur Barus”. The oil of 
Camphor is produced in hollows of this tree, as also is solid camphor. 
It is a turpentine known as borneol and appears to have much the 
same effect as spirits of turpentine. It is obtained in Borneo, Suma- 
tra, Johor and Selangor. The oil which is very expensive is valued 
much as a liniment for rheumatism. 
Melaleuca leucadendron ( Myrtacese ) .Gelam. Kajuput oil is used 
for rheumatism as it is everywhere. The tree is very common in 
