405 
abound to such an extent among the branches of the Utricularia, 
that the proportion the plant actually consumes must be very small 
compared to the number that escape. Many Algae grow abundantly 
on the Utricularias so as to form an objectionable mass when death 
of the plants set in, which rather negatives any use they may be of 
in cleaning the water. 
The Algae of the Malay Peninsula have not as yet been studied. 
Those of Java have been listed, described and figured in the Algues 
de Fiore de Buitenzorg by E. WlLDEMAN but I have seen many 
which I could not identify with any described in that work even 
generically. 
Among the Algae which seem to be specially objectionable in 
fouling water to a large extent is one which appears to be Crenothrix 
Kuhniana, or a closely allied species. It consists of very fine fila- 
ments of no great length and of a rusty orange colour. It is 
extremely abundant in places where the water runs slowly or is stag- 
nant and in shallow water especially where it passes over ferruginous 
gravel forms large fiocculent masses of an orange colour. In rapidly 
moving water it does not seem to occur, at least abundantly except 
that in rivulets where the water is moving very rapidly it frequently 
forms a coating on the ground or on the sides of the stream where 
the flow- of water moves most slowly. It does not apparently occur 
in the deeper parts of ponds or rivers. It grows however with other 
Algae on the branches and stems of Chara, Utricularia, etc. and is 
easily detected by its orange colour. ’After a time it produces im- 
mense abundance of cocci which move briskly about in the water, 
but eventually by dividing pass into the zooglea stage. These cocci 
are rounded and aggregate into irregular masses joined together by 
a gelatinous matter. These masses of zooglea float on the surface 
of the water or encrust leaves, etc. beneath the water, unlike the rod- 
like from which sinks in water. They are apt to putrify and exhale 
a most unpleasant odour. In the swampy spots in the forests this 
Alga is extremely abundant, coloring the rotten leaves of a bright 
orange or duller orange-red, and in these spots we find a fauna^of 
animals adaptively colored to render themselves inconspicuous. 
Among these are the red tortoise, Geomyda sphiosa , the large red 
frog, Rana macrodon, and the small red Python, Python curtus. 
From these shallow breeding grounds the Alga is carried by 
streams to ponds and lakes. At the Impounding Reservoir, I found 
after a windy day small masses of orange coloured froth blown up 
on the shore. This examined by the microscope showed that its 
orange colour was due to immense' numbers of cocci, free and ag- 
glutinated, The water of one of the stand-pipes in Tanglin was 
observed to be tinted with yellow. 1 was unable to detect this Alga 
however being in very small quantity till I treated the water with 
copper-sulphate. A few days after a precipitate of an orange 
colour was found at the base of the jar, which on examination proved 
to consist of the cocci of this plant. 
This Alga is extremely abundant in the Botanic Gardens. At the 
head of the lake there is an inflow of water from beneath the road, 
7 in 7 
