145 
and whether these are grown in a plantation or in an orchard. 
But the chief point that requires to be emphasised is that the 
nature of the spray is the essential factor for success in spraying 
with Bordeaux mixture. The spray must be very fine and “ misty,’* 
or smoke-like ; a hanging “ mist ” or “ fog ” must be produced 
which drifts over and through the tree and deposits on the surface 
of the leaves excessively minute drops, which when dry give the 
parts of the trees which have been sprayed the appearance of 
being almost uniformly covered with a very thin bluish film or 
dust. Such a deposit of Bordeaux mixture is so intimately 
attached to the surface of the leaf or fruit that it does not readily 
wash off. Last season, notwithstanding the frequent rains, I saw 
apple trees which had been properly sprayed with Bordeaux 
mixture still showing a bluish film over the leaves (and thus 
completely protected from the “ scab ” fungus) nine weeks after 
the application. 
In order to obtain the right kind of spray, attention must be 
paid to two points; (i) a special type of nozzle must be used, 
and (2) sufficient pressure must be maintained at the nozzle. If 
these two requirements are not fulfilled, the full benefit from 
spraying with Bordeaux mixture cannot be obtained. 
As regards the nozzle, the fact must be employed that a 
special type is required, which may be called the “Bordeaux 
nozzle.” There is at the present time a considerable amount of 
spraying with Bordeaux mixture being done in this country with 
unsuitable nozzles. This results not only in a waste of labour 
and material, but even in actual harm— sometimes to the trees by 
“ drenching ” those varieties which should be only lightly sprayed 
(see below), and sometimes (in the case of orchards) by causing 
so much dripping from the trees and actual spraying of the grass 
around, that poisoning of sheep which may be allowed to feed on 
the grass in the orchard may result. It seem probable that actual 
cases of the death of sheep poisoned by feeding on grass around 
trees improperly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture occured in Kent 
last season. 
It follows that because the spray of Bordeaux mixture must 
be “misty,” and not jet-like, it must be carried close to the part 
sprayed. In the case of tall tre^s this necessitates the use of 
long bamboo “ extension rods.” The fact that tall trees cannot 
be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture by means of a jet-like spray 
sent up from the ground cannot be too strongly insisted upon ; 
to secure a fine “ misty ” spray which shall drift over and through 
the tree and deposit itself uniformly over the leaves, a “ Bordeaux 
nozzle ” at the end of a road of sufficient length must be used. 
The bes^ nozzles, in my experience, for putting on Bordeaux 
mixture arc the “ Vermorel ” and its modifications of French, 
American, and English make; the “'Mistiy” and “ Mistry Junior 
(of American make) and the “ Spra motor ” nozzle (of Canadian make). 
(The Journal of Board of Agriculture Vol. XVI. p 7 93)- 
