THE HORSE. 
67 
If the animal is young, the action of the horse may be materially 
improved; otherwise nothing can be done, except to keep the toe of the 
hind toot as short and as round as it can safely be, and to bevel off and 
round the toe of the shoe, like that which has been worn off by a 
stumbling horse, and perhaps, to lower the heel of the fore-foot a 
little. 
Pawillg. — Some hot and irritable horses are restless even in the sta- 
ble, and paw frequently and violently. Their litter is destroyed, the 
floor of the stable broken up, the shoes worn out, the feet bruised, and 
the legs sometimes sprained. If this habit does not exist to any great 
extent, yet the stable never looks well. Shackles are the only remedy, 
with a chain sufficiently long to enable the horse to shift his posture, or 
move in his stall; but these must be taken off at night, otherwise the 
animal will seldom lie down. Except, however, the horse possesses 
peculiar value, it will be better to dispose of him at once, than to sub- 
mit to the danger and inconvenience that he may occasion. 
(lllidtlillg, — A horse will sometimes partly chew his hay and suffer it 
to drop from his mouth. If this does not proceed from irregular teeth, 
which it will be the business of the veterinary surgeon to rasp down, it 
will be found to be connected with sore-throat, and then the horse will 
exhibit some other symptoms of indisposition, and particularly the swal- 
lowing of water will be accompanied by a peculiar gulping effort. In 
this case the disease (catarrh with sore-throat) must be attacked, and the 
quidding will cease. 
Rolling. — This is a very pleasant and perfectly safe amusement for a 
horse at grass, but cannot be indulged in the stable without the chance 
of his being dangerously entangled with the collar-rein (halter) and 
being cast. Yet, although the horse is cast and bruised, and half- 
strangled, he will roll again on the following night and continue to do 
so as long as he lives. The only remedy is not a very pleasant one for 
the horse, nor always quite safe ; yet it must be had recourse to, if the 
habit of rolling is inveterate. “The horse,” says Mr. Castlev, “should 
be tied with length enough of halter to lie dowm, but not to allow of his 
head resting on the ground ; because, in order to roll over, a horse is 
obliged to place his head quite down upon the ground.” 
Shying. — -We have before briefly treated of the cause of this vice, and 
observed that while it is often the result of cowardice or playfulness, or 
want ot work, it is at other times the consequence of a defect of sight. 
It has been remarked, and we believe very truly, that shying is oftener 
a vice of halt or quarter bred horses, than of those who have in them 
more of the genuine racing blood. 
In the treatment of shying, it is of great importance to distinguish 
between that which is the consequence of defective sight, and what 
results from fear or newness of objects, or mere affectation or skittish- 
ness. For the first, the nature of which we have explained before, every 
allowance must be made, and care must be taken that the fear of cor- 
rection is not associated with the imagined existence of some terrifying 
object. The severe use of the whip and the spur cannot do good here, 
and are likely to aggravate the vice tenfold. A word half encouraging 
and halt scolding with a slight pressure of the heel or a slight touch of 
