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DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
Tlie Respiratory Passages are all lined by the mucous membrane. 
Catarrh , or cold, inflammation of the upper air-passages, should never 
be long neglected. A few mashes or a little medicine will usually re- 
move it. If it is neglected, and occasionally in defiance of all treat- 
ment, it will degenerate into other diseases. The larynx may become 
the principal seat of inflammation. Laryngitis will be shown by ex- 
treme difficulty of breathing, accompanied by a strange roaring noise, 
and an evident enlargement and great tenderness of the larynx when 
felt externally. The windpipe must be opened in such case, and the best 
advice will be necessary. Sometimes the subdivisions of the trachea, 
before or when it first enters the lungs, will be the part affected, and we 
have bronchitis. This is characterized by a quick and hard breathing, 
and a peculiar wheezing sound, with the coughing up of mucus. Here, 
too, decisive measures must be adopted, and a skillful practitioner em- 
ployed. His assistance is equally necessary in distemper , influenza, and 
epidemic catarrh, names indicating varieties of the same disease, and 
the product of atmospheric influence; differing to a certain degree in 
every season, but in all characterized by intense inflammation of the 
mucous surfaces, and rapid and utter prostration of strength, and in all 
•demanding the abatement of that inflammation, and yet little expendi- 
ture of vital power. 
Cough may degenerate into inflammation of the lungs ; or this fear- 
ful malady may be developed without a single premonitory symptom, 
and prove fatal in twenty-four or even in twelve hours. It is mostly 
characterized by deathly coldness of the extremities, expansion of the 
nostril, redness of its lining membrane, singularly anxious countenance, 
constant gazing at the flank, and an unwillingness to move. A success- 
ful treatment of such a case can be founded only on the most prompt 
and fearless and decisive measures ; the lancet should be freely used. 
Counter-irritants should follow as soon as the violence of the disease 
is in the slightest degree abated ; sedatives must succeed to them ; and 
fortunate will he be who often saves his patient after all the decisive 
symptoms of pneumonia are once developed. 
The diseases of the lungs have been recently carefully investigated, 
and we are enabled to detect three important varieties in the inflamma- 
tory affections of the lungs and chest, viz., congestive inflammation of 
the lungs, ox pulmonary apoplexy — pneumonia, or true inflammation of 
the lungs — and pleurisy, or pleuritis. The first consists in the distention 
of the small vessels of the lungs with dark venous blood, and is gener- 
ally produced by over-exertion, particularly if the animal, when attack- 
ed, is not in proper condition l'or work. The symptoms are rapid 
breathing, cold extremities, and short duration of the disease, ending 
either in death or recovery. When death supervenes, the lungs are 
black. With regard to treatment, bleeding should be adopted if the 
pulse is distinct as well as rapid ; if not, a diffusible stimulant should 
first be given and bleeding should follow. 
True pneumonia is longer in its duration, but the symptoms are often 
obscure at first. There is considerable distress, but there does not ap- 
pear to be any active pain ; and in this respect it may generally be dis- 
tinguished from pleurisy. The pulse is full, strong, and rapid — pain, 
