84 
DOMESTIC AU1MALS. 
eases admits of cure. That obstruction in some part of the respiratory 
canal, which varies in almost every horse, and produces the peculiar 
sound termed roaring , is also rarely removed. There are as many degrees 
or intonations of roaring, as there are notes on the gamut ; and those 
notes ascend from piano to forte. This renders it difficult in some slight 
cases to decide positively whether a horse is a roarer or not ; and good 
judges may be mistaken. The state of the animal very frequently oc- 
casions an impediment to an accurate decision; if he be in very ple- 
thoric condition, he will not unfrequently give slight indications of 
roaring; but when he is divested of that superabundance of fat, all the 
disagreeable symptoms disappear. The usual test of startling the ani- 
mal, is by no means an infallible criterion, neither is the stethoscope in 
all cases to be relied upon. There is but one positive mode of determ- 
ining the question ; the animal being in a proper condition, he must be 
ridden and tried in all his paces. With stallions this proof is not often 
practicable ; and unless they are badly affected, it is often impossible to 
prove that they are roarers. 
Glanders, the most destructive of all the diseases to which the horse is 
exposed, is the consequence of breathing the atmosphere of foul and viti- 
ated stables. It is the winding up of almost every other disease, and 
in every stage it is most contagious. Its most prominent symptoms 
are a small but constant discharge of sticky matter from the nose ; an 
enlargement and induration of the glands beneath and within the lower 
jaw, on one or both sides, and, before the termination of the disease, 
chancrous inflammation of the nostril on the same side with the en- 
larged gland. Tts contagiousness should never be forgotten, for if a glan- 
dered horse is once introduced into a stable, almost every inhabitant of 
that stable will sooner or later become infected and die. 
If some persons underrate the danger, it is because the disease may 
remain unrecognized in the infected horse for some months, or even 
years, and therefore, when it appears, it is attributed to other causes, or 
to after-inoculation. No glandered horse should be employed on any 
farm, nor should a glandered horse be permitted to work on any road, 
or even to pasture on any field. lie should be destroyed. 
In a well settled case of glanders it is not worth while, except by way 
of experiment at a veterinary school, to attempt any remedies. The 
chances of cure are too remote, and the danger of infection too great. 
The contagious nature of glanders is very well known, and not only 
is it so with regard to the horse, but it is capable of being communica- 
ted to the human being ; and, indeed, there have been very many deaths 
from this cause, and most horrible deaths they are. It is generally by 
means of some cut or abrasion which comes in contact with the gland- 
ered matter that the infectiou is communicated. The utmost caution 
should therefore be exercised by the attendants ; and it is most unpar- 
donable to keep glandered horses any length of time for the sake of 
their work; and we are scarcely justified in tampering long with them 
under the idea of effecting a cure, when the cases are decidedly gland- 
ered. 
The urinary and genital organs are also lined by mucous membranes. 
The horse is subject to inflammation of the kidneys from eating musty 
