CATTLE. 
107 
shoulders, and without any loose skin ; the barrel somewhat round ; the 
belly capacious ; milk-vein large ; back perfectly straight ; rump wide, 
and flat as a table; tail small, and set on so that there is almost a 
straight line from the tail to the head. The prevailing color is roan, or 
red or white; and sometimes white, with the tips of the ears red. The 
thighs are thin ; but the legs are straight and somewhat shoft. 1 The 
udder is very large and muscular, projecting forward, well filled up be- 
hindhand so broad as to give the cow the appearance of a waddle in 
her walking. Indeed, her qualities are not inappropriately described in 
some doggerel lines often quoted ; and two of the verses we shall ven- 
ture to give, as most aptly descriptive of the Yorkshire cow: 
“ She’s broad in her ribs, and long in her rump, 
A straight and flat back without ever a hump ; 
She’s wide in her hips, and calm in her eyes ; 
She's fine in her shoulders, and thin in her thighs. 
“ She's light in her neck, and small in her tail, 
She’s wide in her breast, and good at the pail ; 
She’s fine in her bone, and silky of skin ; 
She's a grazier's without, and a butcher’s within.” 
The quantity of milk given by these cows by far exceeds that of any 
others, though less perhaps than that of some others in proportion to 
her size. The writer has had instances where as much as thirty quarts 
per day, in summer, have been given. The distended udder has so 
swollen before calving, that she was obliged to be milked several days 
before she calved ; and, after calving, had to be milked three times a 
day, for fear of the consequences of an over-distended udder. She, 
moreover, gave a large quantity of butter as well as milk, and soon after 
calving she has given fifteen pounds per week. 
All these things being considered, and taking into account the car- 
cass value of the cow after she has yielded her milk, it is not too much 
to say that there is no breed of cows so highly gifted with milk-secret- 
ing qualities who are also otherwise so profitable as the Yorkshire. 
Tile Leicestershire Breed. — The old breed of England has had a more 
successful struggle for existence than the native breed of Gloucester- 
shire. It was here that Bakewell exerted his talents to improve the 
long-horned breed of cattle, and, though he succeeded in removing the 
coarseness from these animals, and increased their tendency to fatten, it 
appears he did not attain the object of either establishing or improving 
their dairying qualities ; and hence his breed is but little prized by the 
Leicestershire dairymen, who prefer the coarser and larger animals, 
which give large quantities of good milk, to those which have less milk- 
giving capabilities, but are more suitable for the grazier. 
The yield of cheese, rather than that of milk, is the object of the 
dairymen of Leicestershire. A good cow will give some four hundred 
pounds of cheese, and produce as many gallons of milk in the year, 
allowing for the seven weeks when she is supposed to be dry. In some 
districts the cows are kept for six, or seven, and even more years, espe- 
cially when they are good cheese producers ; for it is of more conse- 
quence to the farmer to have a cow which, for six years, gives him an 
