DOMESTIC ANIMAD8. 
1 ‘24 
The Ox. — In the ox, the masculine characters, so prominent in the 
bull, are softened ; the neck is carried nearly straight from the top of 
the shoulders, without an arch; and the general frame is lighter, but 
the points of excellence arc the same. 
Tile Cow. — Cows of a coarse, angular, gaunt figure may give good 
milk, and that in abundance, as, indeed, was the case with some of the 
old unimproved breeds ; but it is desirable, and moreover it is possible, to 
unite qualities as a milker with such an aptitude to fatten as will render 
her valuable when dry, and profitable to the butcher. In a cow thus 
constituted, the head must be long, rather small and fine; the neck 
thin and delicate at its junction with the head, but thickening as it ap- 
proaches the shoulder and descends to the chest; the breast should be 
at least moderately broad and prominent, with a small dewlap ; the 
chine should be full and fleshy ; the ribs well arched, and the chest bar- 
relled ; the back straight, the shoulders fine, the loins wide, the hips 
well formed and rounded, the rump long; the udder should be moder- 
ate, with a fine skin, and of equal size both before and behind ; the 
teats should not be too large or lax, and they should be equi-distant from 
each other. If the vascular system be well developed, the milk-vein, 
as it is termed, is generally lavge; and though this vein is not connect- 
ed with the udder, but carries the blood from the foreparts to the in- 
guinal vein, still it has been taken, and with some justice, as the criterion 
of a good milker. The eyes should be clear, calm, and tranquil, indica- 
tive of a gentle temper ; the skin thin, but mellow ; and the hair soft. 
Cows thus admirably formed will often yield from twenty to twenty-four 
quarts of milk daily, and some, in the springtime, in good pasturage, 
even thirty, or more. The milk may, perhaps, yield less butter in pro- 
portion than that of some other breeds of cattle ; but it would appear 
that, as the cow advances in age to her sixth and seventh year the milk 
becomes richer ; and it is well known that the extensive dairymen of 
London prefer a cow which has had a third or fourth calf, and is five 
or six years old, to a younger animal. 
We are perfectly aware that Mr. Culley (“Observations on Live 
Stock,”) considers it as an impossibility to unite good milkers with good 
feeders; for, he says, whenever w T e attempt both, we are sure to get 
neither in perfection: — “In proportion as we gain the one, in the same 
proportion we lose the other; the more milk, the less beef; and the 
more we pursue beef, the less milk we get. In truth, they seem to be 
two different varieties of the same kind, for very different uses; and if 
so, they ought most certainly to be differently pursued by those who 
employ them. If the dairyman wants milk, let him pursue the milking 
tribe; let him have both bull and cows of the best and greatest milking 
family he can find ; on the contrary, he that wants feeding or grazing 
cattle, let him procure a bull and cows of that sort which feed the 
quickest, wherever they are to be found. By pursuing too many ob- 
jects at once, we are apt to lose sight of the principle ; and, by aiming 
at too much, we often lose all. Let us only keep to distinct sorts, and 
we shall obtain the prize in due time. I apprehend it has been much 
owing to the mixing of breeds and improper crossings that has kept us 
so long from distinguishing the most valuable kinds.” Mr. Culley 
