130 
DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
of peat and heather, from which he could in his native fastness smell 
afar off his friend or his enemy man ! Tie him by the head and he 
becomes fretful or furious; he will pine, and fret, and worry himself, 
while, in his gregarious state, with a herd ot his fellows in open yards, 
or sheds, he will thrive. Nay, he has a nature which will lay on fat 
despite the cold and wet, as the rye among plants can assimilate food 
from the barrenest soil ; so he has a natural shelter in his hair and 
constitution, for which the owner of more delicate and tender animals 
will not give him credit, forgetting that the Scotchman has a different 
animal to deal with in his shed-feeding from the short-horn. 
The short-horn feeder, on the contrary, possesses a tame, quiet, gentle, 
lethargic animal, which shows that universal mark of good breeding in 
men and animals — he is always quiet. He will neither pine at never 
beholding the light, nor feel the want of exercise if lie uever leaves his 
stall, provided he has food and comfort in plenty. Nay, he will hardly 
take the exercise necessary to keep his limbs in healthy action. But 
keep him from the cold and wet; prevent the blast from passing over 
him ; he likes protection, and thrives best in boxes. 
Take a Devon, or, if you like, a Sussex ox. lie is large and cumb- 
rous; but he is active. Give him liberty, and he will roam and harass 
himself; but he is tame enough to keep to his stall without pain or 
fretting. He requires a stall. 
The Temperature at which it is desirable to keep feeding animals is a 
matter of more importance than might be inferred from the apparently 
small amount of investigation bestowed upon it. The question is, are 
we to run the risk of a wasting expenditure of food bv perspiration 
under excessive heat? or are we to induce them to waste it, to keep up 
animal heat, by exposure to too much cold ? Nay, will not different 
classes of feeding animals be subject to different consequences, from the 
same degree of heat? In the same cow-house there may be some too 
hot, and others too cold, from their different constitutions. Oxen 
generally sweat at a temperature in which heifers thrive admirably ; this 
happens at any rate till Christmas, after which they seem to be able to 
bear the same degree of heat as female animals. 
II. S. Thompson, Esq., tied up two sets of feeding bullocks, eight into 
a warmer shed than the rest. They had the same quantity and kind 
of food ; but those in the warmer shed made more beef than those in 
the colder, showing that warm air, as well as warm food, was highly 
favorable to fattening short-horns ; which breed, we believe, he in- 
variably fattens. The temperature he aims at is about 55° to 60° of 
Fahrenheit; an increase of this caused them to get off their food, and 
lose their tone and appetite. 
Stillness, with the limitations given in our remarks on shelter, is ne- 
cessary to successful feeding. This is well known to geese feeders, who 
even nail them to the boards; and it was shown very strikingly by Mr. 
Childers, M.P., in his experiments on shed-feeding, and by Lord Bathurst, 
on stall-feeding sheep. An animal in the very effort of searching and 
securing his food, expends the principle necessary to make fat; hence it 
is necessary that his turnips be brought to him instead of driving him 
to the turnips. They are cut and placed before him, that he may have 
