134 
DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
time it is found to be a thick gelatinous mass. In one minute after this 
the mass became more mucilaginous, and was improved. Nine bushels 
of cut pea straw were then placed very gradually, and by one bushel at 
n time, in a tub twenty-eight inches high ; the liquid jelly was now 
taken out in a scoop, poured upon it, and as each addition was made 
the whole was rammed down by a kind of beater, more for the purpose 
of mixing the mass, and confining the heat, than for any other object. 
The present cost of the animals in flax-seed is 3s. per head per week. 
In addition to this, they have also about one bushel of cut Swedes per 
day. 
Mr. Warnes occasionally mixes his compound with meal. This, 
when used, is also sprinkled over the boiling mucilage. So soon as 
the first boiling was nearly emptied from the boiler, it was again filled 
with water, and was ready for another boil, when required. 
As a test of its value, Mr. Warnes furnished the following remarks 
and experiments illustrative of the effects of his system : “ Flax-seed,” 
he says, “has five essential properties, namely, mucilage, oil, albumen, 
gluten and sugar. The shell, or external crust, is the hardest of all 
seeds, and the most difficult to break in pieces ; but not too hard for 
the miller, who has every particle ground almost to powder, in order 
that all the oil may be expressed, which it could not be if coarsely 
crushed. This is demonstrated by the cake, in which the presence of 
seed is scarcely apparent. To a similar state seed for the cattle com- 
pounds ought to be reduced ; otherwise some, at least, of the properties 
above described will pass off without benefit to the fattening animals. 
This the scientific grazier will discover by the excrements, in which he 
will find sufficient cause for grinding, not only flax-seed, but all grain or 
pulse, if possible, into flonr. From researches like these the profitable 
returns for grazing upon my premises, may be dated.” The expenses of 
this copper, with the whole working apparatus for eighty or one hun- 
dred head of stock, will not be more than four pounds. 
A part of Mr. Warnes’s system is the feeding in boxes, the growth of 
flax-seed, the manufacture of the fiber into flax, and the soiling of cattle 
with green food and compound in summer. It would swell this article 
much beyond its legitimate limits, if the box system were more fully 
described. It may suffice to sav, that the boxes at Mr. Warnes’s have 
been put up very cheaply — they form two sides of what has formerly 
been a fold-yard. The sides have had a roof put along the wall, sup- 
ported by pillars of wood, and divided by rails of any ordinary wood ; 
the front next the yard being inclosed by two gates. The box is eight 
feet six inches square; and adjoining the wall is a passage from which 
the food is given in troughs, which are made to slide up or down as the 
manure accumulates. The manure is never carted out until it is taken 
to the fields; and, as the boxes are walled for one foot from the bottom, 
there is not the slightest escape of the liquid manure or of the ammonia, 
and therefore it is peculiarly rich, from this circumstance and from the 
stimulating food supplied to the fattening animals. 
Much has been said as to the dirt and filth, and unnatural state of the 
animals; but their condition is precisely the reverse, in every respect; 
they are quiet, have exercise sufficient for healthy secretion, can feud at 
