CATTLE. 
143 
the highest confidence. Mr. Carpenter has long been known in the 
* better making region, and in the market, as one of the most intelligent 
and successful dairymen and farmers in the county, and as a manufac- 
turer of the veritable “ Orange county butter 
“The basis for a good and profitable butter-dairy is, a stock fulfilling 
as nearly as practicable all those constitutional and structural conditions 
which combine in the animal high milking qualities, with good size, 
robust health, and longevity. The next step is a prompt and "thorough 
practice of the best method of treatment of the same by which the 
largest yield of the best quality of milk is secured. The next and best 
step in the achievement of a first-class dairy of butter is the application 
to its manufacture of an intimate and critical knowledge of the true 
process — from the expressing of the milk to the final touch the butter 
receives preparatory to the transit of the package to market. 
“ How to take the first step ? i. e., lay in the stock, or near it, Mr. 
Carpenter thinks can be known much more satisfactorily by reference to 
and study of popular authorities on the subject — writers who have made 
the rearing of stock with that view a speciality, and yet it is practical, 
common sense, and close and accurate observation which must be the 
main dependence at last. The next branch of inquiry, which is none 
the less important, is not so easily pursued to satisfactory results by an 
appeal to the same sources of information. Long and close experience 
has confirmed Mr. Carpenter in the accuracy of the following system or 
mode of treatment: the best summer food for the dairy stock, that 
which yields the largest quantity and best quality of milk, is a mixture 
of the finer grasses, such as red and white clover, timothy, and blue 
grass, all of which thrive well in desirable combination in the pasture 
fields of the Chemung Valley. All coarse, rank, and strongly-flavored 
weeds, of whatever description, must be banished from the feeding range 
of the dairy stock, otherwise butter of the finest quality cannot be made. 
Neither should they be fed during the milking season on any description 
ot roots or coarse pungent vegetables, such as cabbage, if the butter is 
to be packed in firkins or any other vessel with the purpose of keep- 
ing. ■ 
“ Even pumpkins are not desirable, though they may be used without 
material detriment. In the spring the season roots are most commonly 
used and advised. A small allowance of grain is much more beneficial. 
It accomplishes just what is needed, without contributing to undesirable 
results. It gives additional strength of muscle — the main thing de- 
sired— while, if judiciously given, it does not materially increase the 
deposit of fat, it also increases the quantitv, and improves the quality 
ot the milk, while roots and vegetables increase the quantity, but rather 
deteriorate the quality. 
“During the milking season the cows must be moved from the pas- 
ture-field with great caution to prevent overheat of the system. That 
cannot take place in any degree without the milk being unfavorably af- 
fected in a corresponding ratio. And when they are in the heat of the 
sexual or copulating fever, the milk should not be used in the dairy, or 
with that from which butter for packing is to be made. For at such 
periods nature has provided for a medical interruption of the secretion 
