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DOMESTIC OilMAiS. 
a stranger. The best way is to bring in the new cock in the summer, 
either as a chick, or late in the year in the moulting season, when he 
will not take too much notice of the hens. As a general. rule it would 
be well to have one a yearling and the other a year older. In the third 
year, the cock, who then becomes lazy and excessively jealous, should 
be killed. 
In selecting eggs for hatching, care should be taken that they are not 
at the utmost more than a month old, but their condition for hatching 
will greatly depend upon the temperature of the weather: vitality con- 
tinues longest when the weather is cool. 
It has been asserted that the future sex of the bird is indicated by 
the shape of the egg; the round producing the female, and the oblong 
the male. But this is contradicted, and, w r e believe, with sufficient rea- 
son, and it is impossible not only to foretell the sex, but even to ascertain 
whether the egg be fecundated. This however is certain, that if the 
air-bag (at the obtuse end), which has been mistaken for the germ, and 
the purpose of which is to oxygenate the blood of the chick, be per- 
forated even in the least conceivable degree, the generating power is 
lost altogether. Those eggs only which have been fecundated by the 
male are possessed of the vital principle. The number of eggs for a hen 
should not exceed sixteen, as she cannot impart the necessary warmth 
to more. It is by no means uncommon with experienced breeders to 
place two hens on the same day on their respective eggs, and then on the 
twenty-first day when the broods are out, to give the maternal charge 
of both to one of the hens, removing the other to another set of eggs, 
which, if she be a steady setter, she will hatch as in the first instance. 
This, however, must be deemed a cruelty, though some hens would in- 
stinctively continue to sit until death. They would, however, become 
so attenuated by continued sitting, as to lose the power of communicat- 
ing to the eggs the necessary degree of warmth. The practice of the 
Surry breeders is to feed the hen on oats while sitting, as less stimu- 
lating than barley, which they give to the laying hens on account of 
this very quality. 
CAP0NIZ1NG. — The making of capons, that is, emasculating the males, 
is practiced a little in some of the English counties, and very much in 
France, where the females are also rendered incapable of breeding, and 
termed in their unsexed condition poulardes, in order to give them the 
tendency to fatten. An incision is made near the parts, and through 
this the finger is introduced to take hold of and bring away the genitals, 
but so carefully as not to injure the intestines : the wound is then stitched 
up and rubbed with oil or grease ; and the comb (which appears to be 
an unnecessary and gratuitous pain and insult to the sufferer) is often 
cut off. The females are treated much in the same way, when they do 
not promise well for laying, or when they have ceased to be fertile ; they 
are deprived of the ovarium. The subsequent treatment is similar to 
that in the former case. Care is taken to give them good food for three 
or four days, and during that time to keep them in a place of moderate 
temperature, to avoid the danger of gangrene, which, considering the 
time of the year — midsummer, when the operation is usually performed 
— is a very probable consequence. Pullets of the largest breed are 
