Packard.] 
94 
[May 7, 
provided with a slender conical fleshy projection, situated just be- 
hind each spiracle on the prothoracic and first seven abdominal seg- 
ments. They are probably repngnatorial and possibly homologous 
with those of the Hemileucini. Attention is now simply called to 
them, as further reference will be made to them in a paper on La- 
goa in preparation. Whether these organs have any phylogenetic 
relations with the repugnatorial glands of Diplopod Myriapoda, or 
the nephridia of Peripatus and of Annelids, would prove an in- 
teresting inquiry. Perhaps they may ultimately be homologized 
with the parapodial bristle-glands of Annelids. 
IY. THE STERNAL THORACIC EVERSIBLE GLANDS OF HETEROCAMPA 
MARTHESIA, NOLA OVILLA, ETC. 
We are indebted to Klemensiewicz 1 and more recently to Mr. E. 
B. Poulton 2 for the most complete. anatomical and physiological ac- 
counts of the sternal prothoracic glands of Cerura, while Dr. Dim- 
mock 3 has made us fully acquainted with the literature and views of 
earlier authors, beginning with Schaeffer in 1754. The acid nature 
of the fluid ejected was first noted by Klemensiewicz, who suggests 
that it is formic acid. In Mr. Poulton’s paper the morphology of the 
gland is again described, and the fluid was found to be formic acid, 
with a quite characteristic smell. As stated by Dimmock, Rogen- 
hofer 4 in 1862 observed a sternal prothoracic evaginable portion in 
the larvae of Vanessa, Melitaea, Argjmnis, Bryopliila, Cucullia, Ha- 
brostola and Cleopliane, while Goosens 5 in 1869 detected it in the 
larvae of “many Satyrids,” of Aporia, Aplecta and three species of 
Leucania. More recently Dr. C. Schaffer 6 has discovered eversible 
glands in the same position in the larva of Plusia gamma , and 
Hyponomenta evonymella. He rejects the view that they are ter- 
rifying organs, on account of their small size, and thinks that they 
are organs of defence. 
Lord Walsingham has detected a simple prothoracic eversible 
gland in Melitcea artemis , and Mr. Poulton has detected a gland 
1 Zur naheren Kenntniss der hautdrusen bei den raupen und bei Malachius (Verh. k. 
k. bot. zool. Ges. Wien, 1882. Bd. xxxil, 1883, 459-474, Pis. 21, 22). 
2 Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1886, 156. The author appears to have ovei'looked both Kle- 
mensiewicz and Dimmock’s papers. 
3 On some glands which open externally on insects. Psyche, organ of the Cam- 
bridge Entomological club, Sept.-Oct. 1882, ill, 387-401. 
4 Verh. k. k. bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 1862, xn, 1224. 
5 Sur un oigane entre la t@te et la premifere paire de pattes de quelques Chenilles 
Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1869, Ser. 4, t. IX, Bull. 60. 
eZool. Anzeiger, xill, Jan. 13, 1890, 9. 
