1890 .] 
153 
[Upham. 
Festuca scabrella, Torr., a valuable “ Bunch Grass,” abundant 
at Brandon and westward to the mountains. 
Bromus Kalmii, Gray, abundant northward. 
Agropyrum glaucum, R. & S., var. occidentale, V. & S., com- 
mon on moist land, especially where the soil is somewhat saline 
and alkaline ; in Montana, according to Scribner, the most highly 
valued of the native grasses for hay. 
Agropyrum tenerum, Vasey, abundant, with the preceding, from 
W innipeg to Edmonton and southward ; one of the best grasses 
for hay. Dr. Vasey remarks that in southwestern Minnesota and 
South Dakota, wherever the ground has been broken and not culti- 
vated, Agropyrum glaucum and A. tenerum have commonly taken 
possession. 
Agropyrum caninum, R. & S., plentiful in the northern prairie 
region, from Winnipeg to Edmonton. 
Hordeum jubatum, L., a worthless species, well named Squirrel- 
tail Grass and “Tickle Grass,” very abundant by roadsides and 
on slightly saline, moist land. 
Elymus Canadensis, L., a conspicuous species, common on the 
banks and bluffs of rivers. 
Besides the grasses, the prairies bear multitudes of native flow- 
ers, of showy red, purple, blue, yellow, and orange hues, and pure 
white, which bloom from early spring till the severe frosts of 
autumn. Earliest of all is the Pasque-flower, named for its bloom- 
ing at Easter, common over all the prairie region. With this, or 
later in the spring, are other species of wind-flower, the wild col- 
umbine, indigenous buttercups, violets, and many more. 
During the summer the prairies are decked with species of lark- 
spur, Psoralea, Amorpha, Petalostemon, Astragalus, Oxytropis, 
Vicia, Lathyrus, Geum, rose, evening primrose, many Compositse, 
nearly all conspicuous by their flowers, the harebell, gentian, phlox, 
Rents temon, Gerardia, Orthocarpus, Pycnanthemum, Monarda, 
Spiranthes, Sisyrinchium, Uvularia, Smilacina, lily, wild onion, 
spiderwort, etc. Often I have seen large tracts of the natural 
prairie yellow with sunflowers or golden-rod ; other areas purple 
with Petalostemon, Liatris, or Gerardia, or blue with asters ; and 
still others white with the profusely flowering Galium boreale, L. 
Several yellow- flowered species of the Compositse, blooming in the 
middle and later portions of summer, resemble each other by grow- 
ing frequently in clumps or bunches, as the Grindelia, Aplopappus, 
