Upham.] 
160 
[May 21, 
Dakota and Manitoba ; also very abundant on moist portions of 
the prairie. 
Agrimonia Eupatoria, L., frequent on roadsides. 
Rosa Arkansana, Porter, common in fallow fields ; sometimes 
growing with grain, and causing annoyance in harvesting. 
CEnothera biennis, L. (Common Evening Primrose), frequently 
a weed in fallow fields in Minnesota, North Dakota, and Manitoba. 
CEnothera albicaulis, Nutt., plentiful, occurring as a weed, beside 
railways, and less frequently in wheat-fields, between Glyndon and 
Muskoda, and at other localities, in western Minnesota, and through- 
out the agricultural portion of North Dakota ; seldom seen in Man- 
itoba ; sometimes, but rarely, observed in these districts in situations 
where it would appear indigenous ; very common in the drier part 
of the prairie region westward. 
Mollugo verticillata, L. {Carpet- weed ) , rare in the Red river val- 
ley, but common or frequent as a garden weed in southern Minne- 
sota ; also occurring there in rocky places and on sandy river-banks, 
appearing indigenous, but perhaps in all cases introduced from far- 
ther south. 
Padinaca sativa, L. ( Parsnip ), frequently adventive in Minne- 
sota, and more common in Manitoba. 
Grindelia squarrosa, Dunal, locally an abundant weed of road- 
sides and fields in the vicinity of Winnipeg, Larimore, Devil’s Lake, 
Cooperstown, Jamestown, and westward; in other localities surely 
indigenous to the eastern limit of its range. 
Erigeron Canadensis, L. (Horse-weed, Butter-weed, but oftener 
called “Fire-weed”), a cosmopolitan weed common in fields and 
waste ground ; frequently plentiful on tracts of burned woodland, 
with Epilobium angustifolium, L., and Erechthites hieracifolia, Raf., 
both of which are also called “Fire-weed.” 
Erigeron strigosus, Muhl., frequent on dry fallow ground. 
Iva xanthiifolia, Nutt., the most abundant and rank weed in rich 
soil of waste places, roadsides, and about stables and deserted 
dwellings, throughout the Red river valley and westward. 
Ambrosia trifida, L. (Great Ragweed), habit of growth, and 
range, like the last ; but neither of these was observed in the lately 
settled district about Langdon, North Dakota, where the geologic 
formation is the Fort Pierre shale thinly covered with till, their 
places being there taken by many Chenopodiacese. 
