Upham. J 
308 
[Nov. 4, 
The four species mentioned for their abundance in the Charles 
River are also very plentiful at City Point, having similar large 
size, which shows that in both places they had favorable con- 
ditions for luxuriant growth. Chief among these conditions are 
mild temperature and clearness of the water, such as are found 
in estuaries and shallow bays, sheltered from the waves of storms. 
Taken as a whole, the twenty-five species comprised in the 
identified fauna of these localities belong in their present geo- 
graphic range to a somewhat more southern and warmer portion 
of our coast. Fourteen are distinctly southern, and reach their 
Crepidula convexa Say. Fla. to Mass. Bay; local 1ST. to G. of St. Lawrence. Littoral. 
Littorina rudis Gould. N. J. to Arctic Ocean. Littoral. 
Littorina palliata Gould. Range and habitat like the preceding. 
Littorina litorea Menke. Doubtless superficial, not fossil ; introduced from Europe 
(see article by W. F. Ganong, Am. Naturalist, Nov., 1886 and March, 1887); first ob- 
served on our coast about fifty years ago in Nova Scotia; not reported south of Cape 
Cod by Verrill in 1872. Littoral. 
Lacuna vincta Turton. Circumpolar, S. to Long Isl. Sound and Staten Island. Low 
tide to 5 fathoms. 
Odostomia fusca Gould. N. J. to Cape Cod. Littoral. 
Turbonilla interrupta Adams. S. C. to Cape Cod. 3 to 10 fathoms. 
Acmaea testudinalis Forbes and Hanley; also the var. a Trews Verrill . Circumpolar, 
S. to Long Isl. Sound. Littoral. 
Melampus bidentatus Say. Texas to Mass. Bay. At and above high tide. 
Utriculus canaliculatus Stimpson. S. C. to Mass. Bay. 2 to 8 fathoms. 
Clidiophora trilineaia Carpenter. Fla. to G. of St. Lawrence. Low tide to 30 
fathoms. 
Ensatella americana Verrill. Fla. to Labrador. Low tide to 20 fathoms. 
Angulus tener Verrill. Fla. to G. of St. Lawrence. Low tide and downward. 
Petricola pholadiformis Lam. G. of Mex. to Mass. Bay; local N. to G. of St. 
Lawrence. Littoral and downward. 
Tottenia gemma Perkins. S. C. to Labrador. Littoral and shallow water. 
Cyprina islandica Lam. E. end of Long Isi. to Arctic Ocean. 6 to 90 fathoms. 
Cyclocardia borealis Conrad. N. J. to Labrador. 3 to 80 fathoms, 
Kellia planulata Stimpson. Long Isl. Sound to Greenland. Low tide to 15 fathoms. 
Yoldia limatula Stimpson. N. C. to G. of St. Lawrence. 2 to 30 fathoms. 
Mytilus edulis L. Circumpolar, S. to N. C. Littoral to 50 fathoms. 
Modiola modiolus Turton. Circumpolar, S. to N. J. Low tide to 80 fathoms. 
Ten of these species belong mainly or exclusively to the fauna which is limited on 
the north by Cape Cod ; but the greater part or possibly all of the ten continue spar- 
ingly north to Massachusetts Bay, or occur in the colonies of southern mollusks north- 
ward to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The remaining sixteen range southward to Long 
Island Sound or beyond. Perhaps the most interesting one of the southern species is 
Turbonilla interrupta, of which Verrill writes (p. 657) : “I have received from Prof. 
E. S. Morse specimens of this shell obtained from mud in the harbor of Portland, 
Maine, but they are dead and bleached. I am not aware that it has been found living 
so far north on our coast.” 
