Scudder.] 
382 
[Jan. io, 
tive numerical proportion of the subfamilies is similar to what ob- 
tains in North America at the present day, or at least the vast pro- 
portion of the species belong to the Curculioninae ; but the Alo- 
phinae held then a vastly greater percentage (eight times greater) 
than now, while the Balaninae were also relatively much more 
numerous, the percentage of species to the whole number of the 
family being then nearly five times greater ; the loss fell on 
the Curculioninae and to a small extent on the Apioninae, while 
the Itliycerinae, now represented by a. single species, are not 
known to have existed. 
In Europe, if we regard the species of Hipporhinus as Alophi- 
nae, the relative preponderance of the subfamilies of fossil Cur- 
culionidae approaches nearer and indeed very closely to the con- 
dition of things in America to-day, for more than four fifths of 
the species are to be referred to the Curculioninae, though the 
Alophinae are still nearly three times in excess of their present 
American proportion, and the Sitoninae have an even slightly 
greater relative preponderance. As in America, all the subfami- 
lies are present excepting the Ithycerinae. The total number of 
species, strangely enough, is exactly the same as in America. 
The details of this comparison may be seen in the following 
table. 
Table of Recent and Fossil Curculionidae arranged by 
Subfamilies. 
Subfamilies. 
In Numbers. 
In 
Percentages. 
Recent 
N. A. 
Tertiary 
N. A. 
Tertiary 
European 
Recent 
N. A. 
Tertiary 
N. A. 
Tertiary 
European 
Sitoninae 
8 
3 
4 
1.3 
3.0 
4.0 
Alophinae 
11 
14 
5 
1.7 
14.0 
5.0 
Ithycerinae 
1 
0 
0 
0.1 
0.0 
0.0 
Apioninae 
69 
7 
6 
10.8 
7.0 
6.0 
Curculioninae 
543 
70 
83 
84.8 
70.0 
83.0 
Balaninae 
8 
6 
2 
1.3 
6.0 
2.0 
Totals 
640 
100 
100 
100.0 
100 0 
100.0 
In the United States, the vast proportion of the Tertiary spe- 
cies come from Florissant in all the subfamilies, except the Sito- 
