4^3 
dug up the bark is decayed but there is no mycelium on the outside. 
Beneath the bark, however, black or red flattened strands are to be 
seen running over the surface of the wood, at first red outside and 
white inside, but as the root decays they decay, too, and turn black. 
The mycelium enters the smaller roots and creeping up to the big 
roots spreads out in this manner. 
The fructification is very smaller and of two kinds, the Conidial 
form is consisting of short red stalks with white globose heads l A to 
A of an inch tall, and an ascigerous form of small cone shaped bodies 
on the mycelium strands. 
This fungus was first found on Jack-trees obviously as a sapro- 
phyte, but it has also been found as a parasite on rhizomes of arrowroot. 
As it develops freely on Jackwood, even on chips, it is necessary to 
destroy all stumps of such trees and remove the bits left during cut- 
ting up. Gocd figures are given of this fungus. We have not yet 
heard of the pest yet in the Malay peninsula but a lookout should be 
kept for it. — E d. 
SUGAR PLANTING IN NEGROS. 
\V 
<v 
The Sugar industry of the island of Negros in the Philippine is- 
lands forms the subject of an extensive monograph by Herbert S. 
Walker, of the Government Sugar Laboratory of Iloilo. There have 
been, it appears, at least two large volumes on the Sugar industry 
here published, but these official reports, it is said are, full of exag- 
gerated conjectures and estimates so as to be valueless. The present 
monograph has been written from carefully compiled statistics with 
analyses, and accurate information obtained from planters and others 
throughout the islands. The author spent 6 months on the island of 
Negros taking with him a portable laboratory for the analyses of the 
canes, sugar and products of the mill and analyses of soil were also 
made and add to our information on the subject. Negros produces 
a very large proportion of the Sugar made in the Philippines from 
forty to fifty per cent, of the whole output. In 1893 the island pro- 
duced 115,000 metric tons out of 300,000 produced by the whole 
Archipelago. It has the advantage too of being remarkably free from 
sugar pests, the only fungus met with was Ustilago Sacchari of which 
there was an outbreak in 1908, but which was easily dealt with. A 
beetle attacking the roots, a moth whose caterpillar bored the stem 
and a coccid are practically the only insect-pests, and seem not to be 
very troublous. 
At present the planter grows and manufactures his sugar anti 
puts it on the market himself, but it is pointed out that much ad- 
vantage is to be derived from having central mills which would take 
the cane from the planter and manufacture the sugar, so that the 
planter would be able to devote his whole time to the cultivation and 
